Characteristics and pathogenicity of Cladobotryum mycophilum and Verticillium fungicola isolated from disease symptom of Button mushroom(Agaricus bisporus) in Korea
Several Cladobotryum species have been recorded from cultivated mushrooms by various authors and include C. dendroides, C. multiseptatum, C. mycophilum. C. varium and C. verticillatum. Cobweb disease of mushrooms is caused by a few species of Cladobotryum, most notably C. dendroides and C. mycophilum. The genus Verticillium has been reported to be heterogeneous and polyphyletic. Verticillium fungicola constitutes three varieties(fungicola, aleophilum and flavidum). The variety flavidum differs from the other two varieties mainly in its lower optimum temperature, presence of sclerotia, yellowish colonies, pungent odor, and nonpathogenic abilities on Agaricus bisporus. Cobweb disease and dry bubble symptoms were observed in a mushroom farm in Buye, Korea during a disease survey in May 2008. A total of 7 isolates of C. sp. and 3 isolates of V. sp. were obtained from the infected caps and stipes. Five isolates of C. sp. were identified as C. mycophilum based on their morphological, cultural characteristics and analysis of the ITS sequences. But although two isolate showed high homology to C. mycophilum by analysis of the ITS sequences, they were not clustered by phylogenetic trees. Early symptoms were noticed as round, fleshy, yellowish brown lesions on mushroom caps. Late symptoms progressed when the parasitic fungus formed white cobweb circular colonies on dead or damaged pinheads, spread on the surface of the casing, and covered entirely fruiting bodies. Optimal temperature for mycelial growth on MEA is 23℃. Microscopically the spores of the fungus are large and most 2∼3 celled produced on vertically branched conidiophores. Mushroom caps turned dark brown and shrunk due to soft rot. All strains of V. sp. were identified V. fongicola as based on their morphological, cultural characteristics and analysis of the ITS sequences of rDNA. Optimal temperature for mycelial growth on MEA is 23∼25℃. Symptoms were noticed as light brown superficial irregular spots on caps, later enlarging and coalescing into dark brown blotches. Severe attacks cause mushrooms to become distorted with abnormal swelling of the stipe and the tissues drying out and becoming leathery.
저자
Chan-Jung Lee(Mushroom Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA, Suwon 441-707, Korea)
Hye-Su Han( Mushroom Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA, Suwon 441-707, Korea) |
Jong-Chun Cheong( Mushroom Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA, Suwon 441-707, Korea) | Jong-Chun Cheong
Jin-A Oh( Mushroom Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA, Suwon 441-707, Korea) | Jin-A Oh
Won-Sik Kong( Mushroom Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA, Suwon 441-707, Korea) | Won-Sik Kong
Chang-Sung Jhune( Mushroom Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA, Suwon 441-707, Korea) | Chang-Sung Jhune