Discussion on analysis of documents and pronunciation of mutuallyexplanatory characters
“Mutually explanatory characters is to describe a concept without actualcharacter by the way of borrowing characters with the same pronunciation.” Said in Hsu Shen’ s(許慎) masterpiece “Shuo Wen JieZi.”(說文解字) Duan Yu-tsai(段玉裁)put more emphasis on the linkage of pronunciation of two characters. However, there are examples contradictory to Duan’s theory in his book. Here we can get conclusion through analysis of relative documents.
《說文解字‧敘》云:「假借者,本無其字,依聲託事。令長是也。」。段玉裁注云:「叚借者,古文初作而文不備,乃以同聲為同義。叚借兼主聲,猶形聲也。」釋「依聲託事」云:「謂依傍同聲而寄於此。」明確指出本字與借字之間的音讀關係。後世非本無其字的「倉卒無其字」以及「譌字」,所以稱為假借,也都由於具有音讀關係的緣故。然而在段注裡,卻又出現本字與借字之間不具音讀關係的現象,譬如注「屮」字云:「至於古文以屮為艸字,以疋為足字,以丂為亏字,以_為訓字,以為澤字;此則非屬依聲,或因形近相借,無容人效尤者也。」之例。 本文以為,許書說解文字,條例謹嚴,不應出現矛盾自陷情形。所謂「非屬依聲」之例,皆可透過文獻解讀,考知其所以被視為假借之緣由,並非許書「本無其字,依聲託事」體例。由此可知,精審之文獻解讀與運用,對學術理論之推求與考辨,具有一定的意義與價