논문 상세보기
pp.76-83
본 연구는 우간다 농경지의 토양비옥도와 소규모 영농형태에서의 양분균형을 검토하여, 농촌빈곤의 원인을 파악하고 그 해결방안을 제시하고자 하였다. 우간다 농촌의 소규모 농가의 현장조사 자료 및 관련 문헌의 연구결과를 인용하였다.
1. 우간다의 농경지 토양은 강산성이었고, 비옥도는 낮았다. 특히 인산함량이 낮았다.
2. 농경지의 양분균형은 모든 영농형태와 일부 바나나 단작을 제외한 기타 재배작물의 단작에서 양분부족을 나타내었다.
3. 현재의 우간다 농촌 빈곤율을 토양비옥도 측면에서 다음과 같이 설명할 수 있다. 즉, 토양침식 및 부적절한 토양 양분관리 → 양분유실 → 토양비옥도 저하 → 양분부족 → 작물생산성 저하 → 빈곤 율 증가로 나타낼 수 있다.
4. 농경지의 비옥도 개선은 토양생산성 유지와 향상에 중요한 요인이며, 농촌 빈곤을 감소시키는데 기여한다.
This study was conducted to investigate the soil fertility and nutrient balances of smallscale farming systems, and its relation to alleviation of rural poverty of Uganda. Data from the observations of the small-scale farming systems and from the literatures concerning the soil fertility and rural poverty of Uganda were analyzed. Tested soils of arable land showed a low values of soil pH and soil fertility. Especially, contents of phosphorus in soil were very low. When the nutrient balances were estimated for small-scale farming systems and several crop monocultures, they showed a negative values for macro elements (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium) in all small-scale farming systems except some banana-based arable lands. Especially, higher negative values of the nutrient balances were obtained at maize and soybean monocultures than other crops, which may be due to the fact that those were grown under deficient contents of nitrogen and phosphorus. Based on the results from analysis of soil fertility, the cause of existing rural poverty of Uganda can be explained as following flows in the viewpoint of soil characteristics; soil erosion and insufficient soil nutrient management cause nutrient losses in soil (low soil fertility). Low soil fertility, or nutrient deficiency in soil, results in low crop productivity per area, which, in turn, increases rural poverty. Improved soil pH and soil fertility of arable land is the most important factor for maintenance and increase of the soil productivity, and it may contribute to alleviation of the existing rural poverty in Uganda.
