Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common, benign, and transient type of supraventricular arrhythmia encountered during the early postoperative period after a pulmonary resection. However, it sometimes might result in hemodynamic deterioration. We report on a case of new-onset atrial fibrillation in a 74-year-old male patient after right lower lobectomy, which was not controlled with intermittent bolus injection of esmolol and diltiazem. Successful pharmacological cardioversion was achieved with intravenous (6 mg/hr for 2 hours) followed by oral (90 mg q day) diltiazem 20 hours after this treatment. The literature on the risk factors and management of atrial fibrillation after pulmonary resection is reviewed.

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• Ki Tae Jung(Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chosun University, School of Medicine, Gwangju, Republic of Korea, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chosun University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea)
• Sang Hun Kim(Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chosun University, School of Medicine, Gwangju, Republic of Korea, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chosun University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea) Corresponding author
• Keum Young So(Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chosun University, School of Medicine, Gwangju, Republic of Korea, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chosun University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea)
• Dong Woo Kim(Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chosun University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea)