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Genomics of Body/Head Lice and Its Application
- 언어ENG
- URLhttps://db.koreascholar.com/Article/Detail/288299
Both the body louse (Pediculus humanus humanus) and the head louse (P. humanus capitis) are obligatory human ectoparasites. The body louse is a serious public health threat because it transmits a variety of human diseases whereas the head lice causes one of the most prevalent human infestations, pediculosis. Recent genome analysis revealed that both body and head lice have one of the smallest insect genomes (~108 Mb). Comparison of transcriptional profiles uncovered that almost the same number of genes was annotated both in the head louse (10,770 genes) and the body louse (10,771 genes) among 10,775 protein-coding genes predicted from the body louse genome. Despite their similar genetic background, body and head lice have several differences in their biological features, such as choice of habitat on human host, body size and vector competence. Annotation of major detoxification genes revealed that they are dramatically reduced in human lice compared to other insects except for the honey bee and that, despite the overall reduction in number, human lice retain at least a minimum repertoire of genes known to confer metabolic or toxicokinetic resistance to insecticides, suggesting their high potential for resistance development. Comparison of insecticide target site gene sequences and transcription levels of detoxification genes enabled the identification of toxicodynamic and metabolic factors of insecticide resistance and further allowed the development of molecular markers for resistance detection. Transcriptional profiling during tolerance was used to identify ivermectinmetabolizing detoxification genes, indicating that such an approach may allow proactive resistance management. Comparison of genomes and transcriptomes between body and head lice suggested that vector competence difference is not attributed to the difference in the composition of immune related genes but rather to their transcriptional regulation and/or not-yet-identified epigenetic factors.
