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Climatic Change and Vector-born Diseases
There is a critical need for research and developmentin the area of correlation between the climatic change and vector-born diseases in terms of global point of view. The statistics (1907~2000) for about a century showed the average temperature in Korea was increased to 1.5℃, twice higher than that of global average (0.74℃). The average precipitation for the past decade also showed 10% increase per year up to 1,485.7mm. The A1B scenario of NIMR reported the future estimate of average temperature at the end of this century (21 C) would be increased to 4.0℃ compared with that of years (1971~2000). There appeared close correlation between the breeding disease vector populations and climatic change, even though the occurrence pattern of diseases transmitted by insect vectors and/or reservoir animals in Korea had been rather included in category of the developed countries till 20th century. However, the disease outbreaks for the past 10 years showed significant increase in the vector-born diseases such as Tsutsugamushi disease, Leptospirosis and Epidemic Hemorrhagic fever. There appeared many different factors involved in causing foregoing disease increase, however, the warmer temperature change might have accelerated the more favorable breeding habitats for the disease vectors and medically important insects. The insect-born disease transmission inclusive of medically important insects and rodents involves wide range of different and/or compounded factors or situations such as human population and housing habitats, sanitary standards, vector control schedules, etc. in different areas and districts. Duane, et al.(2001) reported and well illustrated the correlations among climatic change and humans host, insect vectors, reservoir animals, disease agents. The importance of local outbreaks of insect vector population increase was mainly caused by temperature and precipitation (humidity) increase (Mellor and Leake, 2000) by the increase of fecundity and frequency of biting activities. Martens (2008) also indicated that climatic change affected the increases of survival rate, density, fecundity duration and the resistance to microbial pesticides more favorably against disease agents such as bacteria and fungi, etc. The influences or effects of climatic change against human pest control activities, susceptibility, immunity to insect vector-born diseases will be elaborated.
