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Lifetime Calling Patterns and Tactics in the Field Cricket Teleogryllus emma (Orthoptera: Gryllidae)
Males of many cricket species produce calling songs to attract receptive, conspecific females. Calling songs which affected by calling pattern are critical for male mating success, since male with no or limited calling songs are unable to attract female crickets. Investigating among- and within-individual variation in calling pattern may reveal the presence of alternative mating tactics such as attracting females by producing calling songs or being satellites in which males intercept females who are attracted to calling males. In this study, I investigated patterns of calling song production during the entire adulthood of 32 laboratory-reared and 24 field-captured individuals of Teleogryllu emma. Using recording system which can record acoustic signals from up to 32 individuals simultaneously, I measured daily calling output (DCO) and total calling output (TCO) in addition to acoustic parameters of calling songs and classified T.emma males into consistent and inconsistent singers based on the consistency of singing. Consistent singers lived longer, sang longer both in a day and during the lifetime than the inconsistent singers. These results suggest that the consistent singers in this study may be considered to employ the calling tactic. In lab-reared individuals, there seemed to be a trade-off between increasing pulse duration and length of phrases and ling chirp although older males produced calling songs with longer ling chirps and more multiple phrases.
