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Current Status of Rice Breeding in Korea and Action Plan Development against transforming Environment of Rice Industry in terms of Agronomic Trait
Since green revolution in 1970s, representing by the ‘Tongil type’ rice cultivars, rice breeding has greatly contributed to the Korean society in terms of self-sufficiency in staple food-grains and development of agricultural industry. During last three decades, conventional rice breeding has successfully enhanced rice commercial value in Korea through developing elite cultivars related with high quality, resistant or tolerant against biotic or abiotic stresses, special-purpose, direct seedling, super yielding, and functional rice. In the meantime, breeding technologies has been also improved by adopting and putting to practical use of theories and technologies of plant science such as mutation breeding, cytoplasmic-genetic male sterility, anther culture mediated haploid breeding, marker assisted selection, and transformation. Rice breeding, meanwhile, is an endless procedure of creating desirable haplotype expressing improved performances of agronomic traits. Narrow genetic diversity of Korean commercial rice lines have been a major limit factor not only in developing breeding lines having resistance and tolerance against biotic and abiotic stresses, but also in expanding genetic availability in terms of widening end-use properties. Although introducing novel allele types might be possible via crosses with wild relatives, it demands additional tedious efforts to restore the unique genetic background of the recurrent parents, which determine commercial value in the market. Moreover, due to most conventional breeding programs are prone to depend on phenotypic selections, addressing the driving force to be a superior haplotype would be very difficult in terms of tagging the chromosomal location of the target loci and estimating their genetic effects. Recently, coupling with the decrease of domestic rice consumption, Korean rice industry has being threatened by rapid changes in environmental, social, and even international circumstances, for example climate change, aging population, and opening of the rice market. To maintain the rice industry as a stable and sustainable growth engine of Korean economy, it is strongly demanded to develop practical strategies encompassing wide variety of available resources including germplasm, bioscience, and manpower. As the role of R&D party, technology convergence followed by communication among stakeholders of rice research would be essential. To the context, based on the hypothesis of the future of Korean rice industry, major schemes related with the issues of 1) High Quality, 2) Cost Reduction, 3) Stable Production, and 4) Consumption Boost would be discussed along with the projections over the achievements and shortcomings of Korean rice cultivars in terms of agronomic traits.
