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Heat Tolerance of the Indian Meal Moth, Plodia interpunctella
Heat treatment has been widely used to control some stored insect pests. The Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella, gives massive economic loss to most stored grains. Heat tolerance of P. interpunctella was assessed in most developmental stages in this study. Heat treatment at 44oC for 1 h was lethal to P. interpunctella. Compared to other developmental stages, late larval instar larvae were more tolerant to the heat treatment. Some of the fifth instar larvae could survive under 44oC for 80 min, but completely died at exposure to 45oC for 80 min. However, the survival rates of the larvae significantly increased by pre-exposure to sublethal temperature at 37oC. The rapid induction of heat tolerance was accompanied with increases in gene expressions of two heat shock proteins, Hsp70 and Hsp90, but not in that of Hsp25. Interestingly, hemolymph trehalose levels also increased from 39.2 mM to 51.3 mM by pre-exposure to 37oC for 30 min. These results suggest that P. interpunctella induces a rapid heat tolerance by up-regulation of heat shock protein levels and hemolymph trehalose levels.
