최근 농업 환경은 농가인구의 지속적 감소와 고령화, 경지면적의 감소, 농업소득의 정체 등 난관에 봉착해 있으며, 주식인 쌀은 자급율을 유지하고 있으나 전체 식량과 곡물 자급율은 2009년 이후 하락하고 있다. 또한 FTA등 시장개방의 확대, 기후변화로 인한 재배환경 변화 등 농업관련 주변 여건이 어려운 상황에 직면하고 있어 우리나라 농업과 식량 안보에 위협을 줄 수 있는 실정에 이르렀다. 지난 반세기 동안 우리나라 농업은 과학기술 위주의 농업으로 발전해 왔으며, 농업과학기술의 발전은 지난 반세기 대한민국 성장의 저력이 되었다. 우리나라 농업연구는 통일벼 개발로 주곡자급을 달성한 60~70년대의 녹색혁명과, 과채류의 연중공급을 가능하게 한 80~90년대의 백색혁명을 달성하였으며, 2000년대부터는 농업 관련산업의 융복합과 바이오혁명 등을 통한 농업의 6차 산업화를 통해 농업의 소득을 향상시키는 등 첨단 과학이 스며든 새로운 트렌드로 변모하고 있다. 이처럼 농생명산업의 패러다임 전환은 과학기술기반 경제운영과 상상력, 창의력으로 무장한 창조사회와 맥을 같이한다. 이의 산물로 ICT융합, 스마트기반 농장자동화와 같은 첨단 농법개발을 통해 농업의 자동화시대를 열어가고 있다. 향후 농생명산업은 과거의 1차 산업에 국한되지 않고 다양한 영역으로 융복합되고, 확대될 것이다. 관광, 치유, 신소재, 바이오신약 등 산업간 융복합과 우주농업, 바다농업, 극지농업 등 새로운 형태의 농업으로 영역이 확대되어 나갈 것이다. 앞으로 농생명산업은 그동안 축적된 농업과학기술을 토대로 ICT, BT, 문화예술, 힐링 등 다양한 분야와 연계하여 농업+식품+융복합을 통해 미래의 성장산업으로 전환하여 새로운 산업으로 다시 태어날 것이다.

Climate change by global warming is predicted to affect on public health including increasing incidence of vector borne diseases. Vector borne diseases are transmitted by arthropod vectors, such as mosquitoes, chigger mites and ticks, and are highly sensitive to climate changes. The surveillance and R&D of infectious disease vectors are becoming important for climate change preparedness in Korea. So far, 10 regional vector surveillance centers (Incheon, Gyeonggi, Gangwon, Chungbuk, Chungnam, Jeonbuk, Jeonnam, Gyeongbuk, Gyeongnam, and Jeju) have been established to monitor vectors and their pathogens against endemic diseases (japanese encephalitis, malaria, scrub typhus and SFTS) and imported diseases (dengue fever, west nile fever and yellow fever). The information on geographical distribution as well as real-time monitoring of vectors and their pathogens will be presented by this surveillance system, ‘VectorNet’. The R&D plan on vectors and their pathogens is now discussing in government-wide R&D committee on infectious diseases. The R&D areas will be included: 1) establishment of nationwide monitoring system, 2) study on biological and molecular characteristics, 3) development of vector identification and pathogen diagnosis methods, 4) development of vector control techniques, 5) management and conservation of vector resources.

The ecdysis behavioral sequence in insects is a classic fixed action pattern (FAP) initiated by hormonal signaling. Ecdysis triggering hormones (ETHs) release the FAP through direct actions on the CNS. Here we present evidence implicating two groups of central ETH receptor (ETHR) neurons in scheduling the first two steps of the FAP: kinin (aka drosokinin, leucokinin) neurons regulate pre-ecdysis behavior and CAMB neurons (CCAP, AstCC, MIP, and Bursicon) initiate the switch to ecdysis behavior. Ablation of kinin neurons or altering levels of ETH receptor (ETHR) expression in these neurons modifies timing and intensity of pre-ecdysis behavior. Cell ablation or ETHR knockdown in CAMB neurons delays the switch to ecdysis, whereas overexpression of ETHR or expression of pertussis toxin in these neurons accelerates timing of the switch. Calcium dynamics in kinin neurons are temporally aligned with pre-ecdysis behavior, whereas activity of CAMB neurons coincides with the switch from pre-ecdysis to ecdysis. Activation of CCAP or CAMB neurons through temperature-sensitive TRPM8 gating is both necessary and sufficient to trigger ecdysis behavior. Our findings demonstrate that kinin and CAMB neurons are direct targets of ETH and play critical roles in scheduling successive behavioral steps in the ecdysis FAP. Furthermore, temporal organization of the FAP is likely a function of ETH receptor density in target neurons.

The notorious lamiine species Asian Longhorn Beetle, Anoplophora glabripennis, is one of the major invasive pests of street trees, which is an endemic species of Korea and China. By far, the distributional range of Korean A. glabripennis population is restricted to only central to northeastern forest region of South Korea. In this study, we found unreported A. glabripennis populations in 4 different port cities and adjacent cities. These new populations are found in very much urbanic regions; Incheon, western part of Seoul, Busan and Ulsan. These populations can be distinctly differentiated with previously reported populations by massive damage on trees, unusual usage of host plant and spotted elytral pattern. To test their identity, we analyse the genetic patterns of the A. glabripennis populations sampled across South Korea based on three mitochondrial genes, Cytochrome Oxidase I – leucin tRNA – Cytochrome Oxidase II (COI-tRNALeu- COII). Additionally, we used available sequences of COI - tRNALeu - COII of 104 Chinese and 15 Korean individuals from NCBI. Here we show that Korean population is distinctly divided into two major clades, namely native populations and non-native ones, with 0.7% ~ 1.2% of genetic divergence. Hence, the non-native ones can be divided into two subgroups, which we call Incheon-Seoul complex and Busan-Ulsan complex. We observed that these newly found groups, Incheon-Seoul complex and Busan-Ulsan complex share perfectly identical COI haplotype within each group. This study strongly suggests that newly found populations are introduced respectively and these populations might be derived from very small number of introduced founders.

The ascomycete fungus Beauveria bassiana is a wide host range entomo- pathogenic fungus, which is commonly used as an environmental friendly biopesticide. However, the molecular mechanisms of host-pathogen interaction of B. bassiana are not well understood. Here, the high throughput next generation sequencing was performed to analyze the transcriptome of B. bassiana JEF-007 infected bean bug (Riptorus pedestris). Differentially expressed gene (DEG) analysis results showed that total 4,684 genes including 2,381 up and 2,303 down regulated genes were identified. Most of the DEGs were classified into single- organism, cellular and metabolism processes by gene ontology (GO) analysis. Metabolism pathway was the most abound category of DEGs via KEGG pathway mapping. Several possible candidates of virulence factors were dramatically expressed after infection, such as cytotoxic lectin, bacterial-like toxin, and proteins related to cell wall, hyphal growth, nutrient uptake and halogenated compounds synthesis. Furthermore, we also found the highest expression of a novel small RNA virus in the infected bean bug, but the relationship between fungal virulence and the RNA virus was under determination. The functional roles of these possible virulence factors are remained unclear, but this work provides a new insight for further fungal studies. Our results reflect systemic impacts of fungal pathogenesis and these findings represent a significant advance in the fungal functional genomics.

이온화에너지(ionizing radiation)는 미생물 및 해충 소독기술로 최근 들어 조명을 받는 기술이며 감마선, 엑스선 전자빔 등이 있다. 그 중 전자빔은 짧은 처리시간 및 사용자의 조사선량의 조절이 용이한 이점이 있으며 현재 의료, 반도체, 식품 분야에서 널리 사용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 담배거세미나방을 대상으로 전자빔 조사 후 나타나는 불임과 형태기형을 보고자 하였다. 담배거세미나방의 성충에 전자빔 조사 후 산란수는 차이가 없었으며 부화율은 선량이 증가할수록 억제되었다. 번데기에 전자빔을 조사한 후 우화한 성충의 산란수는 선량이 증가할수록 감소하였으며 부화율 또한 감소하였다. 이러한 불임의 원인을 규명하기 위해 comet assay, real time-PCR, 및 SDS-PAGE 등을 통해 실험한 결과, 전자빔 조사에 의해 세포내 DNA가 손상이 되었으며 vitellogenine의 발현정도에 변화가 나타났다. 유충의 경우에는 전자빔 조사 후 발육 지연 및 형태 변화가 보였으며 번데기로 용화 후 무처리에 대비하여 기형율이 매우 높게 나타났다. 또한 번데기에 전자빔을 처리 했을 경우 우화한 성충의 날개부분에서 기형이 높게 나타났으며 이와 관련된 유전자 발현수준을 조사하였다.

본 연구에서는 완전생활형 목화진딧물이 유성형 세대로 전환하는 기작을 구명하고 이를 종합하여 유성형 발생시기 예측모델을 개발하였다 유성형 발생 임계광주기 및 온도효과 실험을 통해서 목화진딧물의 유성형 발생은 온도와 광주기에 의하여 영향을 받는다는 사실을 제시하였다. 실험결과 온도 21℃ 이상의 처리구에서는 광주기에 상관없이 유성형이 발생하지 않았고, 온도가 낮아질수록 유성형의 발생비율이 높아지는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 광주기가 짧아질수록 유성형의 발생비율이 높아지고, 13h의 광주기에서는 온도와 상관없이 유성형이 발생하지 않았다. 본 실험에서 온도에 따라서 임계광주기가 변한다는 사실을 보여 주었고, 온도 3℃의 상승이 목화진딧물의 임계광주기를 약 0.36h(약 21분) 단축시키는 것으로 나타났다. 온도-광주기 관련 실내실험과 포장조사자료를 통해서 얻은 결과를 종합하여 유성형 전환초발기준과 50% 전환기준으로 모형을 시뮬레이션하였고, 이를 이용하여 각 형태별 발생시기와 성충완료시기를 추정하고 형태적으로 구분이 가능한 수컷을 대상으로 실제 포장 관측값과 비교하였다. 포장적합결과 Advance mode 모형이 통계적으로 우수한 적합력을 보였다. 향후 보다 많은 관측자료를 통한 포장검증이 필요하지만, 더 개선된 모형이 개발될 때까지 현 상태의 모형은 목화진딧물의 후기 개체군동태를 이해하는데 긴요하게 이용될 수 있을 것이라 생각된다.

Toxicity test of contaminate soil is very complex because of differential bioavailability in the soil. Therefore, bioavailability of metals in soil is a major factor influencing estimates of toxicity. In this study, the two major test was conducted. First, the toxicity of arsenic for the Collembola, Paronychiurus kimi, was assessed by determining the effects of increasing arsenic concentration on survival, reproduction and body concentration of As in five forested soils with different available phosphate and oxide-metal concentration. Second, the sequential extraction procedure (SEP) for arsenic by choosing extraction reagents commonly used for sequential extraction of metals was tested. The EC50 based on total As concentration in soil was estimated respectively. The available phosphate and oxide-metal concentration in soil influenced on As fraction in soil. Especially, As in soil which is non specifically and specifically sorbed (fraction 1, 2) has strong correlation with available phosphate and oxide-metal concentration (p<0.05). The toxicity is more higher in the soil with high available phosphate and low oxide-metal concentration. In addition, the high arsenic concentration in fraction which is amorphous and poor-crystalline hydrous oxide of Fe and Al (fraction 3) had effect to the toxicity. As a result, the toxicity of As is related with As concentration in fraction 1, 2 and 3 and the soil properties and the arsenic fractionation in soil have a influence on the bioavailability and toxicity.

Sensory system of insect is important for their fitness in the environment. Riptortus pedestris (Hemiptera: Alydidae) is a major pest of bean plants and some fruit trees in Korea, Japan, China, and South Asian countries. This study was conducted to investigate morphology and distribution of antennal sensilla of R. pedestris, using scanning electron microscopy. Antennae of R. pedestris was 11 and 9.84 mm in length in male and female, respectively, and consists of four segments; scape, pedicel, flagellum 1 and 2 (F1 and F2). Five types of sensilla (s.) trichodea, four types of s. basiconica, two types of s. chaetica, and one type of s. coeloconica were preliminary identified in both sexes of adult R. pedestris, based on their size, shape, presence of socket and surface structure. Three types of trichoid sensilla, four types of basiconic sensilla, one type of chaetic sensilla and coeloconic sensilla had numerous pores along the surface of the sensilla, suggesting their olfactory function. Eight types of sensilla (3 trichoid, 2 basiconic, a chaetic and a coeloconic) showed a distinct socket structure at the base of each sensillum. Different types of sensilla showed different distribution along the antennal segments. Two types of trichoid sensilla and two types of basiconic sensilla were distributed on scape, pedicel and F1 flagella subsegment. However, the distribution of eight other types of sensilla was limited to one of two flagella subsegments.

유리알락하늘소(ALB; Anoplophora glabripennis) 및 알락하늘소(CLB; A. chinensis)는 동북아시아로부터 북미 및 유럽으로 침입한 해충으로 북미지역에서 도심 가로수 및 산림에 심각한 위협을 주고 있다. 이들 알락하늘소류에 대한 전문적인 기생천적을 탐색하기 위해 2014년부터 2015년 현재까지 전남 고흥, 순천, 경남 김해, 울산, 경기 포천, 강원 인제에서 산란 받은 Sentinel log를 이용하여 알 및 유충에 기생하는 천적을 조사하였다. 그 결과, 2014년 경기 포천에서 CLB 1령 유충의 외부기생벌인 고치벌 일종Spathius sp., 2015년 전남 순천에서 CLB 1령 유충의 외부기생벌인 개미침벌(Sclerodermus harmandi), 울산에서 ALB 알의 내부기생벌인 좀벌 일종Aprostocetus sp.가 확인되었다. 이 중 개미침벌은 이미 중국에서 대량방사하여 이용되고 있으나 기주특이성이 없어 알락하늘소류의 전문적인 기생천적으로써 효과가 없을 것으로 판단되며, 앞으로 본 조사에서 채집된 고치벌 일종인 Spathius sp.와 좀벌 일종인 Aprostocetus sp.에 대하여 알락하늘소류의 전문적인 기생천적 여부를 확인할 계획이다.

Bean bug, Riptortus pedestris is an agriculturally serious pest in East Asian countries, reducing the value of crop quality and loss of income in agribusiness. Chemical pesticides have contributed to the management of the pest, but nowadays insect resistance limits the use of chemical pesticides, thus alternatively new pesticides with different mode of actions such as entomopathogenic fungi are considered. Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae JEF isolates were collected, identified and assayed against bean bugs in laboratory conditions. Some isolates showed >80% virulence by spray and contact-exposure methods. Supernatant showed different level of enzyme activity including chitinase, Pr1 protease and lipase. The Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation generated random transformants and some mutants had reduced virulence. TAIL-PCR of the random transformants revealed virulence-related genes. This work can be a strong platform for the functional genetics of bean bug-pathogenic B. bassiana.

Currently, the management of Riptortus pedestris (Hemiptera: Alydidae) relies mainly on insecticide application in most crop productions. However, there have been very few detailed studies concerning the potential behavioral effects of sublethal dose of insecticide. This study was conducted to address sublethal effects of five insecticides on the mobility of R. pedestris. Adult R. pedestris were individually exposed to dry residue of insecticides for 4 hours in laboratory. Tested insecticides were fenitrothion (organophosphate), etofenprox (pyrethroid), bifenthrin (pyrethroid), acetamiprid (neonicotinoid) and dinotefuran (neonicotinoid). After the exposure, vertical climbing ability and flight capacity of survived R. pedestris were evaluated and compared to water-treated control. First, the mortality of R. pedestris after the 4-h insecticide exposure was as follows: 10% for fenitrothion, 3.4% for dinotefuran, 3.4% for acetamiprid, 0% for etofenprox and 0% for bifenthrin. The vertical mobility of R. pedestris was affected differently by insecticides tested. Acetamiprid resulted in decrease (37%) in the vertical mobility, whereas dinotefuran caused increase (153%) in the ability compared to the control. There was no effect by three other insecticides on the vertical mobility. In general, tested insecticides did not affect the flight capacity of R. pedestris compared to untreated individuals. However, etofenprox resulted in increase (230%) in the flight capacity. The results of this study indicate that insecticide-treated but survived R. pedestris can show similar or even increased mobility compared to untreated individuals. This should be considered in designing insecticide application programs against of R. pedestris.

Varroa destructor and Tropilaelaps mercedesae mites are ectoparasitic to honey bee having similar life cycle and damage symptoms. Both invade into the last instar larval cell and reproduce during capped brood period of honey bee development. Female adult mites escape from the comb cell on the back of the emerging adult bee (phoretic period) and invade another cell for reproduction. Objective of this study was to study the effect of competitive interaction on each parasitic mite species population. We assessed population monitoring of host and parasitic mites. Honey bee population was monitored by approximating sealed brood and adult bees based on the coverage of the combs. Parasitic mites were monitored by detection technique like sugar shake, stick board, and sealed brood. This monitoring continued at weekly interval during 2008, 2014, and 2015. Additionally Invasion distribution of each species was checked. We calculated carrying capacity, population growth rate, and competition parameter from population monitoring data. Single parasitic mite, Varroa occurred and infestation increased continuously throughout the year in 2008. Co-occurrence of Varroa and Tropilaelaps in honey bee colonies was studied in 2014 and 2015. Carrying capacity was higher in single parasite infesting honeybee than parasites in co-occurrence. While using sugar method, carrying capacity of Varroa alone was found higher than in its co-occurrence with Tropilaelaps. Population growth rate of Varroa when tested alone was higher than its co-occurrence with Tropilaelaps in sugar method. Population growth rate of Varroa and Tropilaepas was higher in sticky method than sugar methods when they were tested in co-occurrence. Population growth rate is higher in Tropilaelaps (0.09) than Varroa (0.05) when both are tested in co-occurrence. We calculated competition parameter of Varroa and Tropilaelaps which was 1.9 and 0.53, respectively. Negative effect on regulation of carrying capacity and population growth rate is due to interspecies competition. Varroa population was higher than Tropilaelaps because there was high intraspecies competition among Tropilaelaps. Single Varroa or its co-occurrence with Tropilaelaps both can destroy honeybee colonies.

Calepitrimerus vitis (Nalepa) is a grapevine pest and distributed worldwide. This study was conducted to identify grapevine damage related to density of C. vitis and to suggest an effective control time. The damaged flower buds displayed retarded growth and became dried up, and symptoms of damaged leaves such as malformed and bronzed leaves were observed. Flower cluster and leaves were collected and density of the grape rust mite were observed by using a washing and sieving method. The highest mean density (±SE) of C. vitis was found to be 672.6±112.9 per flower cluster with mid-level damage, and 450.1±66.5 per 2 leaves was found on the damaged leaves. These severe damage symptoms were observed in the early spring, and the density of the grape rust mite was significantly higher as 80 times in damaged vineyard than in the undamaged at the early growth stages of the grapevine. To determine the emergence time of the grape rust mite from lower part of a winter bud the ratio of density of C. vitis on upper-bud to lower-bud was observed. On 13 April 2015, 80% of the grape rust mites were observed on upper-bud where the mite could feed at the bud burst stage. Therefore, once the symptoms of damaged flower clusters and leaves are observed, acaricides should be sprayed before inflorescence emergence, and at the early growth stage between bud burst and leaf development in following year. This would allow the decrease of the density of C. vitis in early spring, and the progression of severe damage could be prevented.

ocust, Locusta migratoria (Orthoptera: Acrididae) is one of the outbreaking pests worldwide and such big occurrence was recorded in 2014, Korea, however little consideration was given to the management strategy of the pest. Herein we established a indoor locust-rearing system and constructed a locust-pathogenic fungal library to further facilitate the resources to be used as possible biological control agents. A locust colony was provided from the National Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology and reared in corn or barley plants at artificially manipulated rooms. The critical developmental stages, such as oviposition, hatching and mating were successfully proceeded. Entomopathogenic fungal granules were treated to the locust (2 g/rearing box), and in 5~7 days mycosis was observed in the membranous cuticles of head, abdomen and legs. In particular JEF-003 (Metarhizium anisopliae), JEF-186 (M. lepidiotae) and JEF-187 (Clonostachys rogersoniana) showed high virulence against the locust. A population of locust was exposed to the entomopathogenic fungal conidia-incorporated soil to investigate the possibility of the fungal isolation from natural soil, which resulted in the pathogenesis in 7~10 days in laboratory conditions. More than 80% of control efficacy was observed in the greenhouse trial of fungal granular application. This work suggests that locust rearing system was successfully established and entomopathogenic fungi can be used to control the migratory locust.

해충 개체군 모형의 작성목적은 궁극적으로 합리적인 해충관리의 수단을 제공하는 데 있다고 볼 수 있다. 복잡한 농업생태계 내에서 정확한 해충관리 의사결정을 위해서는 해충과 이에 작용하는 천적 개체군의 밀도 평가, 토양 등 환경과 관련된 작물의 생육상태 등이 고려되어야 하며, 기상적 측면에서는 해충 생활계의 미기상 분포, 그리고 경제적 측면에서는 방제비용과 이와 관련된 작물의 경제적 가치 등이 평가되어야 한다. 현재 해충 개체군 모형의 대부분은 온도 환경요소에 크게 의존하고 있으며, 작물의 생육상태에 따른 영향을 반영하지 못하는 경우가 많다. 복숭아심식나방의 경우 시기 및 과종이나 품종별 과실 속에서 발육하는 유충의 생존율이 연간 개체군 동태에 큰 영향을 미쳤다. 특히 후지사과 품종의 어린 과실에서 낮은 유충 생존율은 후세대 발생량에 직접적인 영향을 주었다. 또한 과실내부의 온도는 유충의 발육속도에 작용하여 모형의 결과에 영향을 줄 수 있는 것으로 추정되었으며, 과실발육모형과 과실 내부 미기상 추정모형이 접목되어야 할 것으로 판단되었다. 감귤에서 신초의 어린잎에 만 발생하는 귤굴나방의 개체군 모형은 감귤신초 발육모형의 접목이 요구되었다. 기존 보고된 감귤신초발생 자료를 이용하여 적산온도를 기반으로 경험적인 신초발생모형을 작성하였으며, 개체군 모형에 접목 방안에 대하여 고찰하였다.

기후변화는 전지구적인 현상으로 1950년대 이후 관측된 변화의 대부분은 수천 년 내 전례 없던 것이다 (IPCC, 2014). 2014년 전지구 평균기온은 20세기 평균기온보다 0.68 ℃ 증가하여 관측이래 가장 높은 기온을 기록하였다 (미국 해양대기청, 2014). 이러한 기후변화는 작물과 그를 가해하는 해충의 생물계절 변화에 영향을 주며, 그 영향은 종에 따라 상이할 것이다. 변화하는 환경 속에서 올바른 해충 방제 전략을 수립하기 위해 해충뿐만이 아니라 작물의 생물계절 변화를 예측할 필요가 있다. 작물과 해충의 발육 단계를 예측하기 위한 다양한 모델들이 개발되어 있으며, 이를 활용하면 미래 기후변화 환경에서 작물과 해충의 생물계절 변화를 예측할 수 있을 것이다. 본 연구에서는 먹노린재와 이화명나방 및 그들의 대표적인 기주식물인 벼의 기후변화에 따른 생물계절 변화를 예측하고, 향후 논에서 이들의 발생 양상에 대해 예측하였다. 모델 시뮬레이션 결과 벼의 경우 기후변화로 인해 재배시기가 점차 늦춰질 것으로 예측되었으나, 먹노린재의 경우 월동성충의 발생시기가 2000년대 전국 평균 192.1 일에서 2050년대에는 178.4 일로 앞당겨질 것으로 예측되었다. 이화명나방의 경우 1화기 성충의 발생 시기가 2000년대 전국 평균 171.4 일에서 2050년대 160.4 일로 앞당겨질 것으로 예측되었으며, 현재 대부분의 지역에서 연 2회 발생하고 있으나, 시뮬레이션 결과 2050년대에는 산간지역을 제외한 대부분의 지역에서 연 3회 발생하는 것으로 예측되었다.

최근 빅데이터 활용, 앙상블 기후모형과 작물모형의 결합, 작물모형과 사회경제모형의 결합 등 다학제간 연구들이 활발하게 수행되고 있는 가운데, 국내 많은 농업모형 연구자들에 의해 작물 생물계절/생육단계모의 모형, 기상재해 및 병해충 예측모형 등이 꾸준히 개발되었고, 이와 더불어 각 모형에서 생산되는 정보를 농가에서 쉽게 활용 가능하도록 가공하고 또 빠르고 효율적으로 정보를 제공하기 위한 시스템들이 개발되었다. 그러나, 여러 농업모형들을 유기적으로 결합하여 보다 현실적인 정보를 생산하기 위한 연구는 드물었다. 농업생태계를 구성하는 작물, 작물에 영향을 미치는 생물적 환경 (병원균, 해충, 잡초 등)과 비생물적 환경 (토양, 기상 등)은 서로 밀접하고 복잡한 상호작용을 하고 있기 때문에 이들 모두를 고려한 모형을 개발하는 것은 사실상 거의 불가능에 가깝다. 그럼에도 불구하고, 주요 상호작용들을 모의한 종합적인 농업생태계 모형을 만들어 내는 것이 우리 연구자들이 앞으로 해야 할 중요한 숙제임에는 틀림없다. 최근 복숭아순나방 (Grapholita molesta, Busck)의 서식지가 중국 북서부에서부터 전세계로 급속도로 확대되면서 과수 농가에도 상당한 경제적 피해를 입히고 있다. 따라서 이 해충에 대한 연구도 활발하게 이루어지고 있는데, 본 연구에서는 과수 개화일 예측모형과 복숭아순나방 출현모형을 이해하고 이를 결합하여 활용할 수 있는 가능성을 고민해 보려고 한다.