My dear colleagues, First of all, I wish to thank the Korean Society of Applied Entomology for the highest honor of selecting me as the winner of the Korean Entomology Prize of 2016 and would like to express my profound gratitude to the founder of this prize, Dr. J. S. Hyun. I know its establishment has encouraged us to dedicate ourselves in the tenure of entomological advancement of Korea adding a fancy brick in the foundation of biological research. Entomology is a propelling subject alliancing many kin-subjects on nematodes, arachnids, myriapods, and snails and slugs and so on. We are proud to be entomologists as insects are the most successful animals sharing almost two-third of the bio-sphere and are the leading bio-mass of the earth, as well in the meantime, maintaining our ecosystem well is allowing us to catch our breath in a healthy fashion. Not only these, insects have also helped scientists settle many medical, hereditary, evolutionary, ecological, sociological and even the engineering problems. Korean entomological investigations are flourishing speedily since the establishment of our society in 1962. During the late 20th century, Korean entomology was mainly focused on knocking down of agricultural insect pests with agro-chemicals and beneficial organisms. However at present, the Korean entomology is addressing a wide array of issues from ecology, biology, medicine, physiology, biochemistry, systematics, and not least from the food security (as we are foreseeing the use of insects in our table as human diet). The number of Korean entomologists is continuously rocketing up contributing exponential number of quality publications on entomological issues. Without their dedicated efforts, the green and white revolution of Korean agriculture might not have achieved. I hope Korean entomological works will go beyond the boundary to touch the horizon as we have systematic technology generation and transfer systems, as we have fostering technologies to support our investigations and as we have the will power to do something differently, all in the welfare of mankind both locally and globally. As for me, I continue to remain active, focusing on entomological research and development. I feel truly overwhelmed, overwhelmed by gratitude, gratitude to this society, and gratitude to all of you. I pray for all of us, that we together do our bests for the development of Korean entomology, and more for the biological science of Korea. To the society, my colleagues, I thank you all sincerely from the inner core of my heart. This is realizing me a huge responsibility. I am truly and honestly thrilled to be here with this award. Thank you for this great honor!

Current research status of Lepidoptera in China has been briefly reviewed, focusing mainly on the taxonomy of Lepidoptera. Data of projects funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) on entomology during 2001-2011 (Qi, 2012) and 2012-2015 are used in analyzing the relevance of the publication quantity and the support strength of NSFC. Funds from NSFC on entomology have become more diverse. Current funds include general, regional and youth projects. NSFC encourages scientists to focus on the weak aspects of entomology, and the researchers have made rapid progress in recent years under the successive support of NSFC. Insect biochemistry and molecular biology have developed fastest, and more funds have been granted than other branches. But traditional disciplines, such as taxonomy, still develop slowly and need to be further supported by NSFC. NSFC has made effective effects to improve the research level and accelerate the development of entomology. In recent five years, a total of 1504 projects have been supported by NSFC in all fields of entomology. Among them, 250 projects are associated with Lepidoptera (including famous species such as Bombyx mori, Plutella xylostella, Ostrinia nubilalis), but only 18 projects are involved in the taxonomy of Lepidoptera. Since research fields of insects are very broad, some specific groups still need to be supported. In this regard, we should strengthen regional and international cooperations.

Currently, major controlling tools for insect pests depend on conventional chemical insecticides and genetically-modified organisms. These methods target neuro-synapses, channels and/or receptors that result in neurotoxicity or physiological imbalance. Unfortunately, this mode of action affects non-target animals and difficult to control insect species-specific. The application of classic insecticides is more and more restricted due to many problematic side effects, such as human and environmental toxicity, non-target insect and animal effects, and resistance. During the past decades new genomics/proteomics technologies such as RNA interference (RNAi), allow development of new classes and/or mode of action of insecticides and functionally screen bioactive compounds. Insect neuropeptides are the largest group, more than 90%, of all insect hormones that are involved in almost all physiological functions during the developmental and adult stages. Therefore, insect neuropeptide hormones and their receptors are good targets for discovery of insecticides such as RNAi and bioactive agents. In the presentation, insect case studies using neuropeptides and receptors suggest the possibility of novel biologically-based insect pest control methods.

The pursuit of fungal biocontrol agents is a complex process but there can be no doubt that the process of finding an optimal isolate for a particular target needs to draw on a large-scale program to assess many candidate cultures. The supply of such cultures is facilitated by the existence of so enormous, comprehensive and accessible source of germplasm as exists in the USDA-ARS Collection of Entomopathogenic Fungal Cultures (ARSEF). This collection includes more than 13,000 isolates of more than 710 fungal taxa from 1,300 hosts and substrates from 2,440 locations. The global dependence on very few entomopathogenic fungal species–most notably, species of Beauveria and Metarhizium–is understandable within regulatory and commercial constraints, but might actually represent an undesirable and unhealthy degree of stability in the realm of fungal biocontrol of insect pests. deserves to be reconsidered by broadening the spectrum of highly specific pathogens and the means by which they might be applied. Unfortunately, a recent change in the rules of nomenclature applicable to such pleomorphic fungi as Beauveria, Metarhizium, Isaria, and the numerous other entomopathogens of the ascomycete order Hypocreales have not contributed to stability or certainty in how–and, indeed, which–names of fungal genera are to be applied. Some of the effects of the changes that became effective on 1 January 2012 will be discussed. Many familiar names of entomopathogenic fungi are necessarily changing under these new rules, but the choices of which names much be used and which must be discontinued may not be definitively stabilized until 2023 (at the next International Botanical Congress after the 2017 Congress in Shenzhen, China).

자연계에 존재하는 동식물의 기관, 조직 또는 센서 시스템을 모방하는 일은 더 이상 새로운 일이 아니며 매우 빠르게 진화하고 있다. 이러한 생체모방의 발전방향은 크게 두 가지로 볼 수 있는데, 첫 째는 모방하는 구조물이 나노미터 수준으로 더욱 정교해지고 있다는 것이고, 다른 하나는 한 개의 특정 구조물만 모방하는 것이 아닌 특정 기관 전체를 모방하는 수준으로 복잡도가 높아지고 있다는 것이다. 자연계에 존재하는 다양한 광학구조를 모사하는 것도 위의 두 가지 방향으로 연구가 진행되고 있다. 전자의 예로는 몰포나비의 날개 구조, 나방 눈 각막 구조, 풍뎅이 등껍질 구조 등이 해당하고, 후자의 예로는 사람의 안구, 곤충의 겹눈 등 시각 시스템의 모사, 문어의 위장 시스템 모사 등이 해당한다. 본 발표에서는 앞서 언급한 몇몇 생체 모방 광학 구조 및 소자에 대한 소개를 하고, 그 특징 및 응용 가능분야에 대해 토의한다.

Behavioral responses to the sex pheromone blends rely on genetically designed hardwired olfactory pathways, including precise detection of the specific pheromone compounds and sophisticated signal processes in the brain to interpret correct pheromone mixture information. Owing to minimized association of individual variation and acquired traits from learning in sex pheromone communication, behavioral assays can be very useful tool for understanding each step in the olfactory system. To investigate interactions between peripheral and central pathways in shaping olfactory perception, we used antennal imaginal disc transplants between phylogenetically close two heliothine moth species Heliothis virescens and Heliothis subflexa. In behavioral tests, the response patterns of the male transplants were distinct from any of normal males of either species. Neurophysiological analyses of olfactory receptor neurons in the antenna and projection neurons in the brain also supported the behavioral dissimilarities between the transplants and normal animals. Results will be discussed in light of the functional roles and developmental significances of peripheral and central olfactory pathways in pheromone communication system.

Antennal olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) for pheromone and plant volatile compounds were identified and characterized in Sitona lepidus and S. discoideus, using the single sensillum recording technique with five pheromone-related compounds and 40 host and non-host plant volatile compounds. Different types of olfactory sensilla containing specialized ORNs were identified in these weevils. Different types of sensilla housed ORNs specialized for pheromone-related compounds, 4-methyl-3,5-heptanedione or one or more of four stereoisomers of 5-hydroxy-4-methyl-3-heptanone. In addition to the pheromone-related ORNs, several types of olfactory sensilla contained ORNs responsive to plant volatile compounds. Most of the ORNs showed high specificity to specific volatile compounds although some of the active compounds showed overlapping response spectra in the ORNs across different types of sensilla. Our study indicates that both S. lepidus and S. discoideus have species-specific set of highly sensitive and selective ORNs for pheromone and plant volatile compounds. The behavioral implication of these findings is discussed.

Insect antennae play important roles in finding mates and in locating food source and oviposition sites. Riptortus pedestris is an important pest of soybean and sweet persimmon in Korea. The male R. pedestris adult produce the aggregation pheromone attracting the conspecific nymphs and both sexes of adults. The pheromone was known as a cue for food finding, but the 1st instar nymph can develop to the 2nd instar without food. This phenomenon may suggest that the 1st instar nymph may have different sensilla system from other instars. Thus, we investigated the morphology and distribution of antennal sensilla and antennal response to the aggregation pheromone (AG) of each nymphal stage using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Electroantennography (EAG). As expected, first instar nymph did not have sensilla trichodea 3 (T3) and chaetica 3 (Ch3) which existed in other instar nymphs. The antennae of the 1st instar nymph did not responded to AG, with no difference from control. For further elucidation of the functions of sensilla T3 and CH3, single sensillum recording to AG will be done.

로케트트랩의 유인물 조합에 따른 노린재류의 유인효과를 조사하였다. 로케트트랩에 의한 톱다리개미허리노린재의 유인수는 통발트랩보다 휴반에서 약 1.6∼2.3배, 팥포장에서 1.5∼2.0배 많았고, 매실원과 단감원에서 미국산트랩보다 각각 5.9∼9.9배 및 3.2∼5.2배 많았다. 팥포장에서 썩덩나무노린재는 로케트트랩에 잘 유인되었으나, 펀넬트랩과 통발트랩에는 유인되지 않았다. 또한 로케트트랩 내부에 solar fan을 장착하면 톱다리개미허리노린재의 유인수는 휴반에서 1.3배, 콩포장에 서 1.9배 증가하였고, 썩덩나무노린재는 콩포장에서 1.8배 증가하였다. 집합페로몬(AP)과 유인물 조합에 따른 노린재류의 유인은 톱다리개미허리노린재는 집합페로몬 단독대비 2가지 유인물 조합의 경우 톱다리개미허리노린재AP(톱다리AP)+콩 (1.9배)>톱다리AP+멸치(1.8배)>톱다리AP+썩덩나무노린재AP(1.5배)조합 순으로 많이 유인되었고, 3∼4가지 유인물 조합은 톱다리AP+썩덩나무노린재AP(썩덩나무AP)+콩+멸치(2.3배)>톱다리AP+썩덩나무AP+멸치(1.9배)>톱다리AP+썩덩나무AP+ 콩(1.5배)조합 순으로 많이 유인되었다. 한편, 썩덩나무노린재의 유인은 집합페로몬 단독대비 2가지 유인물 조합의 경우 썩덩나무AP+멸치(2.2배)>썩덩나무+콩(2.1배)>썩덩나무AP+톱다리AP(0.9배) 조합 순으로 많이 유인되었고, 3∼4가지 유인물 조합의 경우 썩덩나무노린재의 유인수는 썩덩나무AP+콩(2.6배)>썩덩나무AP+톱다리AP+콩+멸치(2.1배) 및 썩덩나무AP+톱 다리AP+멸치(2.1배)조합 순으로 많이 유인되었다.

Chemical communication is very important for survival and reproduction in insects. The successful survival of insects depends to a large extent on the ability to detect and recognize environmental signals. We can manage the insect pest populations by eco-friendly methods by understanding the chemical communication systems which lie among the host trees, pests, and natural enemies. Persimmon is the largest fruit tree in acreage in Korea. Many insect pests are attacking various part of persimmon. Major insect pests of persimmon in Korea are Riptortus pedestris, Halyomorpha halys, Plautia stali as hemipterans, Stathmopoda masinissa, Euzophera batangensis, Conogethes punctiferalis as lepidopterans, There are also some minor insect pests including Homona magnanima, Apolygus spinolae, Synanthedon tenuis, bark beetles et cetera. Some of these produce sex pheromones to attract conspecific females or produce aggregation pheromones to gather conspecific individuals. Interestingly, some insect pests are using the semiochemicals of other species, pheromones or floral scents, as kairomones to find hosts or oviposition sites. These relationships in chemical communications at persimmon ecosystem will be discussed using our research results and others so far.

Two Grapholita congener, G. molesta and G. dimorpha have difference in several biological characters such as flight time, emerging number/year, damage site, pupation site, and mating time although their host plants were similar. As a problem, cross-trapping was identified in each trap for monitoring. Effects on species-specific lure using minor sex pheromone components were observed in host plant orchards (apple, pear, peach, and plum) for continuative two years. Treatments of various ratios (0 to 10%) of Z8-12OH to G. molesta lure (Z8-12Ac/E8-12Ac = 95:5) allowed to increase the attraction of G. molesta, but not of G. dimorpha male. Other two minor components (14Ac and 12Ac) to G. dimorpha lure (Z8-12Ac/E8-12Ac = 85:15) were not showed species-specific responses. However, 10% treatment of Z8-14Ac to G. dimorpha lure was showed that G. molesta was decreased significantly although G. dimoprha was not affected. E8-14Ac treatment to new G. dimorpha lure (Z8-12Ac/E8-12Ac/Z8-14Ac = 85:15:10) not affected to attraction of two species. From these results, we suggest that optimum ratios for species-specific monitoring of G. molesta and G. dimorpha are Z8-12Ac/E8-12Ac/Z8-12OH = 95:55:5 and Z8-12Ac/E8-12Ac/Z8-14Ac = 85:15:10, respectively.

국내 벼과와 콩과 작물들 나비목 해충들 성페로몬 연구는 과수와 원예 분야의 해충들에 비해 상대적으로 연구 폭이 좁았다. 여기에 이들에 대해 그간 국내에서 연구되었던 내용을 정리하였다. 이화명나방과 벼밤나방, 벼애나방은 보고되거나 연구된 성페로몬 조성에 의해 종특이성을 갖고 유인될 수 있었다. 비래해충인 혹명나방 성페로몬은 국내에서 동정되었으나, 트랩 효율에 문제가 있었다. 같은 비래해충인 멸강나방 성페로몬은 무인예찰 수단의 가능성을 보였다. 기주범위가 넓은 왕담배나방은 성페로몬 트랩으로 중부지방에서의 세대 경과수가 추정되었다. 옥수수 해충인 조명나방 성페로몬은 예찰 역할을 충분히 담당하였고, 향후 이용성 확장도 고려할 수 있었다. 그러나 같은 속으로 콩과 작물 해충인 콩줄기명나방은 조명나방 성페로몬과 이중결합 위치가 다른데, 보고된 조성에 의해 유인력이 관찰되지 않았다. 콩과작물 해충으로 동속종인 팥나방과 어리팥나방은 같은 화합물과 다른 조성의 성페로몬을 갖는데, 각 종이 동속종을 유인하는 현상을 보였다. Vigna속 식물들 해충인 콩명나방은 보고된 성페로몬으로 유인력이 없었다. 이상의 정리를 통해 식량작물 해충들의 성페로몬 동정과 종특이성, 생합성경로, 트랩 효율성, 예찰수단과 직접 방제수단으로서의 조건과 이용성, 획득 정보를 통한 해충 생활사 구명과 방제 등에 관해 고찰하였다.

대기 중 이산화탄소 (이하 CO2) 농도 증가가 왕담배나방(Helicoverpa armiger)의 성페로몬 인식과 합성에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 성페로몬 유인제에 대한 왕담배나방 수컷 성충에 대한 풍동실험과 전기촉각전도법(EAG) 실험 결과, 대기 중 CO2 농도가 증가하면 곤충 안테나의 페로몬 감각기에 영향을 미쳐 페로몬성분에 대한 페로몬 감각기의 반응이 감소하였고, 행동반응은 1,000 ppm에서 유의하게 감소하였다. 암컷의 성페로몬 생산은 오히려 CO2 농도가 증가하면 더 많이 생산되었다. 이 두 가지 현상, 수컷의 페로몬 인식과 암컷의 페로몬 생산, 의 상호작용에 의해 교미율은 600 ppm에서 가장 높아졌다가 1,000 ppm에서 감소하였다. 대기 중 CO2 농도에 따른 성페로몬 인식과 생산의 변화는 머리에 있는 CO2 감각기와 관련된 것으로 여겨진다. 성페로몬 인식과정에서 CO2 감각기는 페로몬 감각기로부터 온 페로몬 신호의 해석과 관련된 것으로 보인다. 실제로 CO2 감각기가 제거된 수컷 성충은 정상 수컷보다 성페로몬 루어에 대한 유인 행동이 유의하게 감소하였다.

총채벌레는 저항성 해충군이 가지고 있는 크기가 작고 산란수가 많으며 세대기간이 매우 짧은 특성을 가지고 있다. 또한, 이동능력이 우수하고, 다양한 령기가 혼재하고 있으며, 꽃과 잎 등 식물체뿐만 아니라 토양에서 생활환을 완성하는 복잡한 생태를 가지고 있다. 이러한 총채벌레의 특성으로 인하여 시설 내 총채벌레의 방제는 어려운 실정이며, 동일계통의 작용기작을 갖는 약제들의 단조로운 패턴의 약제사용으로 인하여 그 방제효과는 떨어지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 총채벌레의 효과적 방제를 위한 실내 처리방법별 약효비교와 시설포장에서 처리 패턴별 방제효과 및 작용기작에 따른 체계적인 약제처리 에 대한 방제효과 등에 대한 연구를 수행하였고 이를 기반으로 총채벌레 방제체계를 제안하였다. 실내에서 약제별 총채벌레의 약충과 성충에 대한 약효를 통하여 약제특성 및 총채벌레 밀도가 높지 않은 초기 사용이 가능한 약제와 총채벌레 밀도가 높은 시기에 처리할 수 있는 약제를 선발하였고, 이를 기반으로 포장에서 처리간격 및 혼용살포에 대한 효과를 검정하였다. 본 시험결과들을 기초로 2016년 ㈜경농에서는 3가지 이상의 다른 작용기작의 약제를 밀도가 높을 경우 3~5일간격으로 3회 이상 연속하여 살포하는 3!3!3! 총채벌레 관리프로그램을 제안하였고 지속적으로 관리프로그램을 개선해 나갈 예정이다.

최근 지역적으로 나타나고 있는 침입종인 꽃노랑총채벌래[Frakliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)]의 밀도 감소 현상이 토착종이면서 동소종(sympatric species)인 대만총채벌레[F. intonsa (Trybom)]에 의한 생물적 저항성과 환경 요인에 의한 비생물적 저항성이 나타난 결과라는 가설을 세우고 이를 검증하였다. 대만총채벌레는 꽃노랑총채벌레에 비해 발육률이 빠르며 성충 수명, 생식률(R0), 내적 자연 증가율(rm) 모두 높았다. 또한 경쟁 상태에서도 대만총채벌레는 꽃노랑총채벌레에 비해 수명과 생식에서 영향을 상대적으로 덜 받았으며, 특히 두 종간의 행동 관찰 실험에서는 대만총채벌레 의 섭식시간뿐만 아니라 먹이자원을 경계하는 시간이 각각 1.3과 42.8배 더 길어 두 종간 간섭경쟁이 있었다. 온도와 습도를 달리한 환경 조합에서 대만총채벌레가 꽃노랑총채벌레에 비해 고습 조건에서 생존율이 더 높았다. 다만, 대만총채벌레 는 꽃노랑총채벌레에 비해 살충제에 대한 감수성이 높았다. 이상의 결과로 최근 꽃노랑총채벌레의 지역적 밀도 감소 효과는 경쟁종인 대만총채벌레에 비해 낮은 내적 자연 증가율과 간섭경쟁에 의해 나타난 현상으로 판단된다. 다만, 더 넓은 지역에 대한 조사와 먹이 식물과 천적에 의한 영향 등에 대한 추가 연구가 필요하다.

Western flower thrips, (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) have been recognized as serious pests worldwide. Commercially available chemical pesticides challenges against the resistance of the pest and safety to consumers. Herein we investigated the usability of soil-treatment of entomopathogenic Beauveria bassiana (Bb) ERL isolates in tomatoes. Bb-egfp was highly virulent to western flower thrips in laboratory conditions and colonized in soil, which provided a chance for western flower thrips larvae to contact the colonized fungal mass. In a glasshouse trial, Bb ERL836 and Bb ERL1578 granule (GR) were applied to soil surface and mixed well, and five females were infested to each pot of tomato 3 days after the application. The two treatments significantly reduced thrips population in tomatoes 20 and 40 days post applications, comparable to the control efficacy of clothianidin granule (GR) formulation. In the following field trial, the two ERL fungal treatments showed 69.2% and 61.5% of control efficacy, which were similar to that of clothianidin GR (76.9%). This work suggests that applied B. bassiana colonized in soil well and thrips larvae easily contacted the fungal mass, which possibly enabled the control strategy to be alternative way to the chemical control.

Insect pests have been a serious problem over many years and remain a major threat for food production. Although chemical pesticides are major pest control strategies, use of microorganisms such as entomopathogenic bacteria, fungi, viruses and nematodes have continuously increase last few decades to minimize the use of agrichemicals. According to BBC research, the global biocontrol market was about $2.1 billion in 2011, and this is expected to rise $3 ~ 4 billion by 2017. Over 50 entomopathogens are commercially produced and used augmentatively as microbial pesticides. About 175 biopesticide active ingredients and 700 products have been registered worldwide. Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium spp., nuclear polyhedrosis virus and Steinernema spp. are the most popular control agents used in plant protection. Among the microbial control agents Bt products have more than 50% of market share. In Korea, only 13 environmentally-friendly crop protectants were registered for insect pest control in 2015. Market share is very low and has grown slowly. We will discuss how we can expand the market with our techniques.

Effectiveness of Beauveria bassiana ERL as entomopathogenic fungi against thrips pupae were evaluated on greenhouse cucumber(bumnong backdadagi), rose(Affinity) respectively. Control efficacy was calculated by the formula, (Dcontrol - Dtreatment)/Dcontrol x 100, where Dcontrol is the average density of thrips on the plots in which any pesticides and entomopathogenic fungi was not relesed and Dtreatment is the average density of thrips on the plots in which entomopathogenic fungi were released respectively. As a result, control efficacies of Beauveria bassiana ERL 10^7 cfu/g treatment against thrips on cucumber was 89.4~91.3%, respectively. In addition, control efficacy of Beauveria bassiana ERL 10^8 treatment against thrips on cucumber was 92.0~93.2%. Also, control efficacies of Beauveria bassiana ERL treatment against thrips on cucumber was 61.5-69.2%. Thus, even thrips control flow that occurs in the solanaceae vegetables thrips current period is officially Beauveria bassiana ERL 10 ^ 7 to effective treatment cfu / g, pepper and tomato cucumber and rose to occur will be effective. These results demonstrate the promise of entomopathogenic fungi, especially Beauveria bassiana ERL for management of thrips pupae. In addition to thrips control that is occurring in the solanaceae vegetables such as peppers and tomatoes will be effective.

Biological control has been tried for integrated pest management. It is often comparable, safe, and environment-friendly, making itself an alternative for chemical agents. Filamentous microorganisms, i.e., fungi and streptomystes, produce many kinds of useful metabolites, and some of them have been developed as a biocontrol agent. However, they still have a long way because of the concern of manufacturing cost. Therefore, process development was intensively studied to meet cost-effectiveness. Operating conditions of bioreactor, e.g., agitation and aeration, had an effect on biological and physiological responses such as mycelial morphology, oxygen and nutrient transfer. Understanding relationship between operating parameters and microbial responses in terms of growth, substrate and oxygen consumption, and production yield was critical for process development. This study dedicated to build strategies for mass production of biological control agent using aerobic filamentous microorganisms.

곤충병원성 선충은 인체나 환경에 매우 안전하며 표적해충에만 기생하여 치사시키고, 작물생육에는 전혀 피해를 주지 않는 대량생산이 가능한 환경친화적 천적자원으로 현재 우리나라에서는 7종이 분포하고 있다. 곤충병원성 선충은 인공영양배 지원(in vitro)과 곤충자원(in vivo)을 이용하여 대량 증식하고 있는데, 인공영양배지원을 이용할 경우 누대배양에서 병원성이 다소 떨어지는 경향을 보이나 대량증식이 용이하다. 곤충자원을 이용할 경우 병원성은 매우 높으나 기주곤충의 대량 확보가 어려울 뿐만 아니라 기주곤충으로부터 이탈하는 선충을 수확하는 일이 쉽지가 않다. 따라서 본 결과는 곤충자원과 버미큐라이트, 목재 칩을 이용하여 곤충병원성 선충을 보다 간편하게 대량 증식시킬 수 있는 방법에 대해 소개하고자 한다. 곤충병원성 선충의 실용적 생산에 적합한 곤충은 꿀벌부채명나방 유충이었으며, 다음으로는 곤충자원의 대량 확보가 용이한 갈색거저리 유충으로 유충 당 선충 500마리 접종 시 98,333마리가 증식되었다. 동애등에는 자원의 확보는 용이하나 선충의 감염과 증식력이 낮아 곤충병원성 선충의 증식용으로 부적합한 것으로 나타났다. 곤충과 버미큐라이트를 이용한 곤충병원성 선충의 입상형 대량증식에서는 버미큐라이트 소립형에 수분 20% 중량이 가장 좋은 것으로 나타났다. 곤충과 목재 칩을 이용한 곤충병원성 선충의 원스톱 증식에서도 선충의 증식력은 매우 높은 것으로 나타났다.