The ratio which we usually use in producing products is nonconforming proportion or percent
defective. As our modern society develops, we cannot but meet another proportion in legal, managerial,
and medical areas where our human beings might commit various kinds of errors though they do not
want them. In this paper we will generally call the ratio‘proportion.’ When the size of such proportion
as percent defective is observed by persons, it is not true proportion but apparent proportion because
it has been observed with human or situational errors. Past studies have not systematically covered the
analysis of relations between such proportions and type 1 and 2 error, but this paper analyses and
derives such various relations, and it suggests the guideline as sixteen properties for utilization and
sensitive analysis of the relations. Current paper’s consideration of apparent proportion in addition to
true proportion as our familiar concept will open and widen existing academic and application areas
where people have mainly built societal, scientific and engineering rules and methods based only on
true proportion.

1. 서 론
 2. 이론적 검토, 개념 및 변수 정의
 3. 오차 ρ-ρ* =δ 에 관한 분석
 4. 오차 ρ-ρ* =δ 의 한계에 관한 분석
 5. 결 론
 6. References

• 장경(단국대학교 산업공학과) | Kyung Chang Corresponding Author