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Biological Activities and Functional Substances of Lycium ruthenicum Murr.
Background : Lycium ruthenicum Murr. was known as black wolfberry. It belongs to Solanaceae. In order to elucidate biological activities and functional substances of Lycium ruthenicum Murr., the methanol extract of Lycium ruthenicum Murr. harvested from Qaidam Besin. area was prepared and was studied. Methods and Results : Antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic activities of the methanol extract of Lycium ruthenicum Murr. were examined using diverse in vitro bioassays and functional substances were analyzed by HPLC and LC-MS/MS. The methanol extract of Lycium ruthenicum Murr. showed strong DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities and also showed strong SOD-like activity. To examine the effects of the methanol extract of Lycium ruthenicum Murr. for the expression of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), RT-PCR was performed. SOD expression was strongly increased by the methanol extract of Lycium ruthenicum Murr. CAT expression was also increased with dose-dependent manner. The methanol extract of Lycium ruthenicum Murr. showed inhibitory effects against α-glucosidase and α-amylase, and also inhibited NO production. Anticancer effects of the methanol extract of Lycium ruthenicum Murr. assay were examined with five human cancer cell lines. The potent anticancer activity exhibited in HepG2 hepatoma cells. As a result of main component analysis by HPLC, chlorogenic acid and rutin were identified as the major flavonoids of Lycium ruthenicum Murr.. In addition, by LC-MS/MS, petunidine-3-O-rutinoside (trans-p-coumaroyl)-5-O-glucoside was determined as a major anthocyanin of Lycium ruthenicum Murr.. Conclusion : Lycium ruthenicum Murr. showed various biological activities and could be used as a food and a functional material to enhance human health. Further study to identify an unknown flavonoids of Lycium ruthenicum Murr. would be needed.
