Two books have recently been published to argue for diametrically opposite views. One is『Gongjaga jugeoya naraga sanda(The Nation will prosper once Confucius dies)』, which argues for the negative impact of Confucianism on the nation's culture. The other is 『Gongjaga salaya naraga sanda(The Nation will prosper once Confucius becomes alive)』, which puts emphasis upon constructive elements in Confucianism. I believe that it does not matter whether Confucius is dead or alive but it matters whether every individual in this nation is with him- or herself. The purpose of this essay is to explain how Confucius taught everyone to be with oneself, especially for political leaders. In Confucius view, everyone could be a political leader once he or she learns the way(Do; 道). The methods by which Confucius brought up political leaders were peculiar in many respects. First, the teacher never sought for the learner but the learner sought for the teacher. The teacher never failed to teach those who came with proper manners(Ye; 道). Second, the teacher never taught those who did not put an effort as well as those who did not ask questions. Third. the teacher taught how to live a righteous life. Fourth, the teacher tried to bring out the best out of the learner. Since each individual's merits differ from the others', answers to a question from different individuals varied. Fifth, the teacher took into consideration the level of the learner. An adult could at times be taught by utterances but at other times by silence. In short, the teacher must be with the learner, a prospective political leader so as not to lose oneself, and guard the learner so as to shine from one's within.

Ⅰ. 문제의 제기 
Ⅱ. 교과서를 통한 학습 : 詩人과 五經 
Ⅲ. 刪述六經 
Ⅳ. 一以실之와 忠恕之道 
Ⅴ. 공자의 가르침의 특징 
Ⅵ. 맺는 말

• 서양중 | Yang Joong Suh