입성(入声)이란, 중세 중국어(中古汉语)에서는 평성, 상성, 거성, 입성으로 이루어지는 4성 성조체계의 일부분을 말하며, 현대 중국어(现代汉语)에서는 중세 중국어의 입성에 연원을 두는 ‘성조 범주(调类)’를 가리킨다. 본 논문에서는 광둥 메이센 방언(广东梅县话(커자 방언, 客 家话)), 푸젠 푸칭 방언(福建福清话(민 방언, 闽语)), 베이징 방언(北京话(북방 관화, 北方官 话))의 입성에 대하여 간략히 기술하고, 최적성이론을 통하여 이 세 방언에서 입성의 실현 양상이 왜 달리 나타나는가에 대하여 설명을 시도하였다. 10개의 제약조건 Ident(Place), Ident (Cons), MAX, DEP, Ident(Manner), No-CodaOral, No-CodaCons, No-Coda, No-MonoCoda, No-CodaObs 간의 제약등급관계에 따라, 메이센 방언에서는 중세 중국어의 입성 운미가 유지되었고, 푸칭 방언에서는 3개의 구강 파열음이 모두 성문 파열음으로 수렴되었으며, 베이징 방언에서는 운미가 모음으로 변하거나 탈락되었다

Checked tone was the part of ‘four tone system’ consisting of ‘level tone, rising tone, falling tone, and checked tone’ in Middle Chinese, and it is that the tone category having origin of checked tone in Middle Chinese. This thesis gives a brief description of checked tone in Moiyen dialect (Guangdong Province), Fuqing dialect(Fujian Province) and Beijing dialect. Further, this article tries to explain the difference in the aspect of parsing between three dialects using optimality theory. According to hierarchy between ten constraints, codas of checked tone in Middle Chinese has different aspects of parsing between each dialect in Modern Chinese. First, Checked tone in Moiyen and Fuqing dialect has difference in the place of articulation, for faithful constraints related with articulatory place dominate markedness constraints. Second, Consonant Coda Checked tone has not parsed in Beijing dialect, this is the different point from other two dialects. Some of Checked tone changed into Vowel Coda because of the hierarchy related with ‘consonant’ feature, but most of them have disappeared completely, because the markedness constraint which restrict coda has higher level than faithfulness constraint. Third, there is no insertion of segmental sound in coda, for faithfulness constraint dominate markedness constraint restricting mono-coda. And because faithfulness constraint on the manner of articulation has domination over markedness constraint, there is no nasalization or lateralization in the coda of checked tone.

1. 서론
 2. 입성에 관한 기존 연구 성과 및 세 방언의 입성 실현 양상
 3. 세 방언에서의 입성 실현의 차이에 관한 고찰
 4. 결론

• 박규정(부산외국어대학교 중국학부) | Park, Kyu-Jung