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Background : Jujube (Zizyphus jujuba. Mill) is a broad-leaved shrub belonging to the family Seagull. Its origin is India and its height is about 5 m. The flowers are gathered in two to three in May-June, with five petals and yellowish green. Leaves are alternate, egg-shaped or long egg-shaped, with clearly visible three veins. The fruit, called jujube, is an elliptical nucleus with the seed wrapped in a solid nucleus. It is 2.5 - 3.5 ㎝ in length, green at first, ripened in brown or reddish brown in September-October. Jujube uses the bud mutation to breed and spreads through grafting. Therefore, there is little difference in phenotype between cultivars. However, because of the lack of research on jujube molecular biology, there is no standard to distinguish the variety at the DNA level. In order to overcome such difficulties and to create a research foundation of jujube, we have developed molecular markers from jujube.
Methods and Results : We collected 12 jujube varieties include Bogjo and extracted DNA using CTAB method. The DNA was diluted to 10 ng/㎕ and kept at -20℃. We designed the primer sets using CLC Main Workbench based on DNA InDel regions between the varieties. PCR and electrophoresis were performed to confirm the polymorphism. We designed 26 primer sets from 23 InDel regions. Eighteen of 26 primer sets amplified the amplicon from the primer screening. Eight primer sets were selected for polymorphism assays. All primer sets showed polymorphism. The domesticated cultivars were divided into two groups and the Japanese and Chinese varieties were separated.
Conclusion : The InDel markers developed in this study could be good tools to differentiate the jujube cultivars cultivated in Korea.
