词类问题事关语法学体系的建立以及语法规律的说明，是语法研究中的基础性问题，但是也 是语法分析中的老大难问题。汉语的词类划分问题经历了一百多年的探索，正在逐步接近汉语的基 本特征。回顾汉语词类划分标准问题的研究历程，由最初对意义标准的接受到后来的形态问题的纠 结再到后来对词的语法功能的认识，汉语的词类划分正在一步步回归到汉语这种语言本身的特性。 但是即使目前学界普遍接受的词类划分的句法功能标准，也未必能够完全解决汉语的词类划分问 题。语言中的词绝大多数都会与其他词存在着句法组合、聚合的可能性，但不容否认的是，语言中 客观存在着一些主要体现语用功能的词，它们受句法规则的限制较弱，因而句法功能标准对这些词 而言，作用不大，很难根据句法功能标准将它们归入现行词类体系中的任何一类。如，汉语中用于 引进例证的“例如、如、比如”等，它们在汉语中的表现与任何一类词的语法功能都不符。西方语 言学界有关话语标记的研究有可能为认识此类词的功能提供一条可行的思路，“例如”类词是现代 汉语中体现例证功能的话语标记，“真的、说句实话”等是汉语中表达叙实性的话语标记。此类词 语不能从传统的句法功能的角度分析其在语言中的作用，它们的主要功能体现在语用层面。因此， 从词类划分角度看，基于词的语法功能标准，首先应该区分句法功能词与语用功能词，语用功能词 虽然数量远少于潜在地具有句法功能的词，但其语法性质特殊，应该针对其语用性质进行研究，在 词类划分过程中，也不必强行将它们纳入现行词类体系中的某一类。

Part of speech category is a basic task in the study of grammar, and has been considered to be a long-held challenge in grammatical analyses. For the part of speech category in Chinese, an overall consensus has been reached in the academic circles through long years of researches and discussions that ,with semantic criteria basically discarded earlier on, part of speech category in Chinese should be analyzed with functional criteria instead of morphological criteria which are associated with entanglement. While this application of functional criteria seems to solve the difficult problems with the part of speech category in Chinese, it is still open to question whether this application should be viewed as a logical and reasonable approach.
Most words in all the languages have the possibility of syntactic combinations, but it is an undeniable fact that there are definitely certain words used in the pragmatic expressions which are rarely subjected to syntactic restrictions. When these words with pragmatic functions are analyzed by the criteria of syntactic functions, they can have no places in the existing part of speech category in Chinese. For instance, words such as “例如、如、比如” in Chinese, which represent the meaning of exemplification, do not fit into any grammatical function of part of speech category. As a new potential for the functions of these words has been presented in the studies which are associated with discourse marks in the Western linguistics circles, The word “例如” in Chinese should be regarded as a discourse mark of exemplification function, and words like “真的、说句实话” as discourse marks which represent facts. These kinds of words should not be analyzed from the perspective of traditional syntactic functions because they obviously represent pragmatic functions.
Therefore, part of speech category should be first divided into two classes based on the criteria of grammatical function of words: words with syntactic functions and words with pragmatic functions. Although words with pragmatic functions are greatly outnumbered by words with syntactic functions, they have their own particular grammatical functions and thus should be exclusively studied in accordance with their pragmatic properties, independently from the existing criteria of part of speech category.

摘要
 1. 引言
 2. 词的意义与词类划分
 3. 词的形态与词类划分
 4. 词的功能与词类划分
 5. 余论
 参考文献
 논문초록

• 金钟赫(대전대학교 국제언어학과 중국언어문화전공) | 김종혁