This paper makes a detailed description and analysis of the syntactic function and semantic orientation of “Ba+O+V”, and draws the following conclusions: a. “Ba+O+V” has various syntactic functions. Besides being a predicate to form the Ba Sentence, it can also be a subject, an object, a prepositional object, an attribute, a complement, etc. In addition, it can also form the De phrase with De, and form the location phrase with some location words. It presents different structural features in different syntactic positions. b. “Ba+O+V” is the most free when it acts as predicate, and is more or less limited in structure when it is used as other syntactic components，so the frequency of it in different syntactic positions is different. c. Because “Ba+O+V” can appear in different syntactic positions in the sentence, it can be semantically related to different components in the sentenc e，showing the diversity of its semantic direction. d. In teaching Chinese as a foreign language, we can’t just limit ourselves to the teaching of Ba sentence with “Ba+O+V” as the predicate. In order to improve students’ overall understanding of the function of “Ba+O+V”, we should also pay attention to the explanation of the usage of it in the non predicate position, so as to effectively improve their practical application ability.

Korean Chinese international trade correspondence belongs to the teaching field of "Special purpose language". It takes various communicative contexts as the premise, and the communicative context is based on the communicative process under the specific working environment of language users. Therefore, it needs appropriate communicative functions to achieve the communicative purpose. In order to achieve the communicative function, the use of specific sentence types obviously contains some convention. The characteristics of high-frequency sentence types in international trade letters have a certain tendency. This paper takes the Chinese E-mail actually generated by the Korean staff of a Korean trading company in their trade with China as the research object, investigates and analyzes its sentence function, and provides empirical data for business Chinese teaching. Compared with the teaching of traditional lingua franca, according to the various social attributes of Korean Chinese international trade exchanges, it is not only the cognitive background of learners and staff, but also the communicative context required by professional work. The core content of teaching should give priority to the specific sentence patterns of communicative function words closely related to work in the actual corpus, and apply them in teaching strategies and methods, To enable learners to acquire the required language communicative competence as soon as possible, it does not emphasize the comprehensive mastery of learning, but can save time and selectively improve communication efficiency.

Zhu (朱) is a pictophonetic character and associative compound. Mu (木) and Zhu (丶) indicate the meaning, and especially the latter refers to the pronunciation as well. Its original meaning is wood with red inside. Zhu (朱) assumes the semantic function in pictophonetic characters. The meaning of the expression comes from two sources: one is that it derives from the extended meaning of Zhu (丶) as the phonetic symbol of Zhu (朱) means red or bright; the other is that it derives from the extended meaning or rebus of a short form for Zhu (鼄), which means ‘to cut off’ or ‘a name of the place’.

The adverb “Jianzhi” is used frequently in modern Chinese, but most of its previous research focused on “subjectiveness”. To break through this limitation, this paper focused on the syntactic features and main semantic functions of the adverb “Jianzhi”. Firstly, in syntactic features, by organizing the structure with high frequency of “Jianzhi”, it is found that the common feature presented in the verb structure is to pay attention to the characteristics of the nature of the things, and in the adjective structure is to show that mainly modifies the high degree of complements. Secondly, we found that “Jianzhi” has two main semantic functions. The first one is “non-true value marking function” and the other one is “boundary function”. The former means the speaker reminds the listener that the central meaning in the “Jianzhi” sentence is not true, and the latter means when “Jianzhi” is modifying the degree component, it will set a boundary for the component, indicating the degree limit. The commonality of these two semantic functions is [+ default], so the main semantics of “Jianzhi” can be summarized as a temporary default to reach a certain amount or form a certain result, situation.

Sino-Vietnamese pronunciations are the way Vietnamese people read Chinese characters. Going through the process of formation and development, they have become an important part of the Vietnamese language. In the field of literature, Sino-Vietnamese sounds are closely related to Tang poetry in China and Tang poetry in Vietnam. Tang poetry is a Chinese literary achievement consisting of systems of authors and works with strong influences on Sinosphere countries in medieval time such as Vietnam, Japan, and Korea. In Vietnam, Tang poems are read by Sino-Vietnamese pronunciations, which ensure tonal harmony. Scholars in China, Vietnam, and other countries have studied Tang poetry in terms of phases, authors, styles, and ideologies. However, there has been no attempt to investigate the characteristics and functions of Sino-Vietnamese pronunciations in Tang poetry. In this paper, we study the characteristics and functions of Sino-Vietnamese pronunciations in Tang poetry in China and Vietnam based on the comparison of similarities and differences of reading Tang poems by Sino-Vietnamese pronunciations and by contemporary Chinese by means of surveying 133 poems in Three hundred Tang poems. Comparative data on the ability to keep Tang poetry’s same tone rules and Tang poetry’s rules of Sino-Vietnamese pronunciations and contemporary Chinese show that both types of reading can either remain or break the rules of this poetry type, but their proportions are different. 54% of poems by Sino-Vietnamese pronunciations keep Tang poetry’s same tone rules and Tang poetry’s rules while the rate of poems by contemporary Chinese reading is 34%. The number of poems in which Sino-Vietnamese pronunciations can keep the rules while contemporary Chinese cannot is 28 (accounting for 21%). The number of poems in which contemporary Chinese can keep the rules while Sino-Vietnamese pronunciations cannot is 1 (accounting for 1%). The survey results show the remarkable advantages of Sino-Vietnamese pronunciations regarding the ability to keep Tang poetry’s same tone rules and Tang poetry’s rules compared to the contemporary language used by Chinese people. This is attributed to the fact that Sino-Vietnamese pronunciations are close to the sounds of Tang poetry and still preserve the tone patterns. With such a characteristic, in the process of cultural adaptation, Vietnamese people use Sino-Vietnamese pronunciations to compose, translate, as well as appreciate and study Tang poems. There were thousands of authors, and there were poetry collections of thousands of Tang poems written in Sino-Chinese in medieval time. The similarities and differences between Sino-Vietnamese pronunciations and contemporary Chinese in Tang poems prove cultural adaptation among nations, contributing to preserving the diverse beauty of valuable literary works of humankind.

Naming script has its rationale, and thus the script name with symmetry reflects some differences and connections among its function, evolution, and propagation. Some scripts reflecting the divergence in its function mirror users’ gender differences, different use areas, the discrepancy between the folk script and formal one, and whether it is official or not. Others reflecting its evolution show that the new script has improved on the basis of the old one. Others again reflecting its propagation give an expression to the connection of character sources, object writing, and character morphology.

Part of speech category is a basic task in the study of grammar, and has been considered to be a long-held challenge in grammatical analyses. For the part of speech category in Chinese, an overall consensus has been reached in the academic circles through long years of researches and discussions that ,with semantic criteria basically discarded earlier on, part of speech category in Chinese should be analyzed with functional criteria instead of morphological criteria which are associated with entanglement. While this application of functional criteria seems to solve the difficult problems with the part of speech category in Chinese, it is still open to question whether this application should be viewed as a logical and reasonable approach. Most words in all the languages have the possibility of syntactic combinations, but it is an undeniable fact that there are definitely certain words used in the pragmatic expressions which are rarely subjected to syntactic restrictions. When these words with pragmatic functions are analyzed by the criteria of syntactic functions, they can have no places in the existing part of speech category in Chinese. For instance, words such as “例如、如、比如” in Chinese, which represent the meaning of exemplification, do not fit into any grammatical function of part of speech category. As a new potential for the functions of these words has been presented in the studies which are associated with discourse marks in the Western linguistics circles, The word “例如” in Chinese should be regarded as a discourse mark of exemplification function, and words like “真的、说句实话” as discourse marks which represent facts. These kinds of words should not be analyzed from the perspective of traditional syntactic functions because they obviously represent pragmatic functions. Therefore, part of speech category should be first divided into two classes based on the criteria of grammatical function of words: words with syntactic functions and words with pragmatic functions. Although words with pragmatic functions are greatly outnumbered by words with syntactic functions, they have their own particular grammatical functions and thus should be exclusively studied in accordance with their pragmatic properties, independently from the existing criteria of part of speech category.

With relevance theory and coherence theory as the theoretical basis, this paper studies the pragmatic function of Chinese-Utterance final particles: a, ba and ne and claims that the discourse function of ne is stronger than a and ba. In other words, the modality meaning of a and ba is stronger than ne. This paper also studies the reason why a, ba and ne have different pragmatic functions and concludes that the meaning of ne is mainly the meaning of mood, ne has a longer history and the grammaticalization of ne is more complete while a and ba have obvious modality meaning; they have a shorter history than ne as mood particles and their grammaticalization still continues.

Systemic Functional linguistics considers Modality as the speaker’s attitude betwe en “yes” and “no”. Based on this, we discuss the Chinese modality system. First, we review what has been done on Chinese modals by the previous researchers. Then, we introduce Halliday’s modality system in English to establish a Chinese modality system and analyze the syntactic and semantic features of the typical modal verbs to point out the negotiation of Chinese modality.

This paper introduces the function of database in language research.the database of Hanja dictionary in ancient Korean is a multi - functional query software. Its contents include three representative Hanja dictionaries in ancient Korean. According to the characteristics of different Hanja dictionaries, The author design index query way of the prefix, number, categories, radical and full-text. This paper also introduces the application of database in language research.

The role of the dictionary of the “Kojiki” is investigated thoroughly, and this paper classifies it, and clarifies the whole aspect. I would like to study the origin of these dictionary technical terms in the following paper with the relation of space.

Through a deep research of the Grammatical fetures and Syntax function of the Classical Chinese Pronoun—“Zi”, while it is in the time known as separatedly-used, this paper finds that the Classical “Zi” owns three functions known as Correlative, Emphasis and Analogy. Sincet he Antecedents of “Zi” is able to be discovered in its jurisdictional term regions, it proves that “Zi” accept local binding, which follows the First principle of Binding theory. Since the Classical “Zi” is more similar to the Correlatives in Western languages including the English language, it can be categorized as reflexive pronoun among all Correlatives. Where ever the position of “Zi” in the terms, it is just a regional reflexive pronoun, and can only find its Antecedents in its jurisdictional regions which bound to the Binding theory of Chomsky. Therefore, “Zi” is not the factor which explains the reason why “Ziji” is able to accept Long-distance binding.

본고는, 한자에서 사람이 입으로 들이마시거나 내쉬는 ‘숨’ 또는 ‘숨결’과 관 련되는 의미를 표현하고자 하는 경우 ‘口’ 또는 ‘口’에서 파생된 글자들이 의부 로 사용되는 것이 일반적이고, 인간의 여러 가지 감정 및 심리상태를 표현 할 때 보편적으로 사용되는 의부는 ‘心’이지만, ‘欠’이 의부로 사용된 글자들 대부 분이 위의 두 가지 例를 모두 아울러서 呼吸과 관련된 여러 가지 의미 또는 특 정한 심리상태에 기인한 감정 혹은 행위를 구체적으로 표현하고 있다는데 착안 하여, 당시 造字者들이 ‘欠’을 의부로 선택하여 이러한 류의 의미를 부여한 조자 심리의 한 단면을 한자문화학적 입장에서 살펴보고자 하는데 그 목적이 있으 며, 󰡔說文󰡕에 수록된 글자들 가운데 欠部 및 기타 欠이 의부로 사용된 73자를 대상으로 하였다. 분석결과 이 73자들은 대개 단순한 숨결을 표현한 일반적인 气를 나타내는 글자류, 음식물을 먹거나 마시는 것과 관련된 气를 나타내는 글자류, 특정한 심 리상태에 기인하여 감정이입이 된 상태의 气를 나타내는 글자류 등 세 부류로 구분되었다. 이를 통하여, 지극히 추상적이고 시각적으로 쉽게 확인되지 않는 气와 欠을 형상화시키고, 호흡으로서의 단순한 气 뿐만 아니라, 감정이나 행위 로서의 미세하고 다양한 气를 합성사가 아닌 단음절사로 대량 제작해 사용한 심리적 근저에는 造字 당시 이미 ‘气’라는 개념이 폭넓게 자리 잡고 있었고, 이 에 대한 구체적인 인식이 있었다는 것을 반증하는 것임을 확인 할 수 있었다. 또한, 작업을 통하여 중국 고대인들이 문자를 제작하여 운용하는 과정에서, 의식적이거나 무의식적이거나 간에 처해 있는 문화적 배경이 반영될 수밖에 없 었다는 것은 필연적 결과라는 것도 확인할 수 있었다.