A simple, but effective means of tailoring the physical and chemical properties of carbon materials should be secured. In this sense, chemical doping by incorporating boron or nitrogen into carbon materials has been examined as a powerful tool which provides distinctive advantages over exohedral doping. In this paper, we review recent results pertaining methods by which to introduce boron atoms into the sp2 carbon lattice by means of high-temperature thermal diffusion, the properties induced by boron doping, and promising applications of this type of doping. We envisage that intrinsic boron doping will accelerate both scientific and industrial developments in the area of carbon science and technology in the future.

Abstract
 1. Introduction
 2. Substitutional Boron Doping into Graphitevia High-Temperature Thermal Diffusion
 3. How Substitutional Boron Atoms at the TrigonalSites Affect the Microstructure and PhysicochemicalProperties
  3.1. Platelet-type carbon nanofiber
  3.2. Single-layer graphene
  3.3. Metallicity-separated single-walled carbonnanotubes
  3.4. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes
 4. Promising Applications of Boron-doped CarbonMaterials
  4.1. The anode performance of lithium ion batteries
  4.2. Electrodes of supercapacitors
  4.3. Catalytic functions
  4.4. Supporting materials of Pt in a fuel cell
  4.5. Superconductivity of boron-doped carbonnanotubes
 5. Summary and Prospects
 References

• Sumin Ha(Department of Polymer Engineering, Chonnam National University)
• Go Bong Choi(Department of Polymer Engineering, Chonnam National University)
• Seungki Hong(Department of Polymer Engineering, Chonnam National University, Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology)
• Doo Won Kim(Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology)
• Yoong Ahm Kim(Department of Polymer Engineering, Chonnam National University, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Shinshu University) Corresponding Author