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Background : Galantamine is mainly obtained from the bulbs and flowers of Galanthus caucasicus, Galanthus woronowii, and other related genera such as Narcissus tazetta, Narcissus pseudonarcissus, Leucojum aestivum, and Lycoris radiata. Galantamine is used to treat Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and as an AD painkiller. Narcissus tazetta (N. tazetta), belonging to the Amaryllidaceae family, is a ornamental plant containing galantamine. In this study, metabolic profiling of N. tazetta different organs was performed.
Methods and Results : The amount of galantamine in bulb of N. tazetta is the highest levels. About 0.61 ± 0.09 ㎎/g in bulb, 0.15 ± 0.17 ㎎/g in root, and 0.10 ± 0.0 ㎎/g in leaf. Contents of galantamine in root and leaf are not statistically significant. The total phenolic contents in leaf are the highest level. Rutin and kaempferol are identified all part of N. tazetta. On the other hands, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid is existed in leaf and caffeic acid is only existed in root. None of the bulbs except rutin and kaempferol are identified. Because plant secondary metabolism is closely related to plant primary metabolism, we used GC-TOF-MS on the levels of hydrophilic low-molecular-weight molecules in the N. tazetta. A total of 41 metabolites, including sugars, amino acids, organic compounds, and phenolic acids, were identified and measured, and the resulting quantitative data were subjected to principal components analysis (PCA). The results of PCA of metabolic profiles clearly showed the lack of marked variance among different organs of L. radiata. Two principal components of the score plot explained 86.79% of the total variance (component 1; 55.40%, component 2; 31.39%). Component 1 resolved the separation of leaves from the other plant parts.
Conclusion : Narcissus tazetta belongs to amaryllidaceae family. These family has various alkaloids, in particular, galantamine is beneficial to Alzheimer patients. All parts of N. tazetta produce galantamine, in particular, the highest level is existed in the bulb. In contrast, phenolic compounds are identified
