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Background : Fagopyrum esculentum Moench (common buckwheat) is an important pseudocereal due to high agricultural and medicinal values. It contains various minerals, fiber, and flavonoids. Additionally, flavonoids in buckwheat have various health effects. Thus, this study is aim to optimize the concentration of chitosan, salicylic acid (SA), and jasmonic acid (JA), for the production of phenolics in germinated buckwheat using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
Methods and Results : The treatment with 0.1% chitosan increased the accumulation of all 7 phenolic compounds compared with the control, 0.01 and 0.5% chitosan treatments (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the germinated buckwheat treated with JA at the specific concentrations of 50, 100, and 150 μM increased the accumulation of total phenolic compounds. The germinated buckwheat grown in 150 μM of JA showed the highest amount of total phenolics which was approximately 2.47 times higher than that of control. Particularly, the accumulation of gallic acid, rutin, catechin, chlorogenic acid, and (-)-epicatechin were approximately 2.00, 2.38, 1.76, 2.81, and 7.95 times higher in JA-treated buckwheat than in the control buckwheat samples. A total of seven phenolics, including gallic acid, catechin, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, (-)-epicatechin, benzoic acid, and rutin, were detected in germinated buckwheat. Apparently, JA and chitosan treatment enhanced the accumulation of phenolic compounds in the germinated buckwheat. Particularly, the treatments with 0.1 % chitosan and 150 μM JA were the most effective on the accumulation of phenolic compounds. According to the time-course analysis, a 72 h chitosan treatment enhanced the production of phenolics. Similarly, the germinated buckwheat treated with 48 and 72 h showed the accumulation of higher levels of phenolic compounds than the control buckwheat.
Conclusion : This study aimed to optimize the concentrations and treatment period of elicitors, chitosan and JA, for the enhanced production of phenolic compounds in germinated buckwheat. Thus, these results might help build sturdy strategies to enhance the production of phenolics in germinated buckwheat as a good nutritional source for human consumption.
