As goods and services powered by AI continue to proliferate, scholarly opinion seems to consider that current WTO law is insufficient to regulate trade in AI-powered products. The following reasons can help explain this perceived insufficiency of the WTO law: (a) AI-powered products are difficult to categorise within the perceived goods/services dichotomy under WTO law, thus causing uncertainties as to the applicable legal regime; and (b) the WTO law has yet to respond to the need for national governments to strike a balance between trade and controversial trade practices regarding AI-powered products. This paper argues that while current WTO law is far from perfect, it does partly regulate trade in AI-powered products. The following observations substantiate the partial regulation of trade in AI-powered products by the WTO law: (a) AI-powered products cannot escape existing WTO disciplines on trade in goods and trade in services, by virtue of either the involvement of AI or the perceived goods/services dichotomy; and (b) efforts to balance trade/non-trade interests associated with trade in AI-powered products are allowed under the GATT/GATS’ ‘public morals’ and security exceptions.

I. Introduction
 II. Definition, Scope and Use of AI
  A. Definition and Scope
  B. Controversial Practices regarding the Development and Use ofAI-powered Products
 III. Current WTO Disciplines regardingTrade in AI-powered Products
  A. Are AI-powered Products Goods or Services?
  B. Are Current GATT/GATS Obligations Sufficient?
  C. Whether existing WTO Law Is Capable of Maintaining Any Balancebetween Trade Facilitation and a Range of Non-Trade Value that itsMembers May Seek to Protect?
 IV. The Ways Forward the WTO Disciplineson Trade in AI-powered Products
 V. Conclusion: Old Wineskin and New Wine

• Lei Zhang(Shanghai University of International Business and Economics)
• Kelly K. Shang(Shanghai University of International Business and Economics)