This paper is a research on the thinking basis and aspect of adapting reality represented by Nan-myeong(南冥) and Gal-cheon(葛川). I found next tendencies in each of their thinking basis by looking into the gener of 'bu(賦)' written by them, provisionally.
1. Nam-myeong regarded a fundamental problem as important; Gal-cheon considered a practical use in reality as important.
2. Nam-myeong pursued internal perfection of morality ; Gal-cheon pursued external enlightenment of morality.
3. Nam-myeong made an effort to cultivate his mind through practicing the virtue of self-development ; 'jon-yang(存養)', 'seong-chal(省察)', 'geuk-gi(克己)' ; Gal-cheon wished to make 'the reign of peace(太平聖代)' entering to the world with his frugal virtue.
4. Nam-myeong placed more importance on 'su-gi(修己)' than 'chi-in(治人)' ; Gal-cheon placed more importance on 'chi-in(治人)' than 'su-gi(修己)'.
And I deduced next characters in the aspect of the adaption in reality considering their 'memorial to the Throne(上疏文)'.
About the time when 'eul-myo-sa-jik-so(乙卯辭職宵)' was offered by Nam-myeong in 1555, he criticized severely the tumultuous national situation, and suggested its essential relief measures to King Myeong-jong(明宗). On the other hand, at that time, Gal-cheon pursued 'the contentment with poverty and delight in the Way(安貧樂道)' after retiring from the official position of 'cham-bong(參奉)', and did not show any criticism for political or social condition in particular.
When the government engaged both of them as a Nester at the throne changing era between Myeong-jong(明宗) and Seon-jo(宣祖) about 10 years later from 1555, Gal-cheon served in the government with 'hyeon-gam(縣監)' and 'mok-sa(牧使)'(names of county governor) responding to the recommendation, but Nam-myeong never entered into the official position after all. However, they cried for the reform of politic sphere each other. Nam-myeong pointed out the fundamental problems ＆ principles with memorial to the Throne demanding sovereign must practice 'the rule of virtue(王道)' showing his own initiative, but Gal-cheon emphasized the relief measure concerning public welfare indicating the realistic problems.
In addition, the Nam-myeong and Gal-cheon's principles on official position showed different aspect. Nam-myeong was eager to the actualization of 'the rule of virtue' regarding himself as an executer for 'King Yao and Shun's Tao(堯舜之道)', and did not want to get the position by departing from his principle at not proper time. Thus, he made himself as a man of virtue keeping the dominant principle. Differ from Nam-myeong, however, Gal-cheon pursued the life of 'the contentment with poverty and delight in the Way' after retiring from the official position of 'cham-bong' in 1555, and it was derived from his avoid-make-trouble tendency with peripheral environments. Although it was a fact, Gal-cheon never gave up the will of 'administrating the state to relieve the people's suffering(經世濟民)', so he entered into the official position consequently. This is the Gal-cheon's right view of 'haeng-youg-sa-jung「用行舍藏 : If recommended, practicing Tao with taking up position. And if discarded, possessing his own Tao lonelily」'.

• 崔錫起(慶尙大 漢文學科) | Choi Seok-ki