This paper is aimed to investigate the structure of Korean pseudo-cleft constructions with the bound noun kes in subject position, by examining the asymmetry between two kess in the subject position of pseudo-clefts and in the pre-copula position. The paper argues that the former can represent a human entity as well as non-human elements because it is universal. It denotes a set of presuppositionality, and thus, it has to raise to SpecTopicP through the predicational inversion. As a result, it precedes the foci in specificational constructions. The other is specific, denoting only a non-human material thing. Thus they don’t appear in specificational reading but in predicational, which requires agreement between the subject and the complement. Conclusively, Korean has two different types of kes in pseudo-cleft constructions.

1. Introduction
    1.1. Kes in Subject Position in Pseudo-clefts.
    1.2. Asymmetry between Two Kes-constructions in Korean
2. Why Can Kes Indicate a Human Entity?
    2.1. Universal Kes
3. Why Cannot Kes Indicate a Human Entity?
    3.1. Predicate Inversion Analysis for Specificational Copula Constructions
    3.2. More Kes-Clauses in Predicational Structures in Korean
    3.3. What is the Driving Force behind the Predicate Inversion?
4. Conclusion
References

• Jeonghee Byun(Kyungpook National University)