This study aims to empirically examine the effect of foreign direct investment (FDI) and corruption on the development of public-service sectors in 10 ASEAN countries. It then investigates whether this relationship is different between two FDI compositions including greenfield FDI and FDI in the form of cross-border merger and acquisitions (M&As). Using a panel database of 10 ASEAN countries during the period 1996-2015 from various sources including the World Development Indicators of the World Bank and UNCTAD, we first find that FDI strongly and positively contributes to the development of the public-service sectors in the recipient nations, except for the electricity sector. However, we show that this relationship is dependent on the type of FDI modes of entry. Specifically, while greenfield investment exerts a beneficial influence on the development of telecommunication and transportation sectors, cross-border M&A has no effect on these sectors, perhaps because of the distinct differences among three public service sectors. Finally, we found that in a highly corrupt environment, aggregate FDI might have no influence on all three public-service sectors, possibly because the two contradictory influences of the interaction terms between corruption and two FDI sub-types seem to cancel each other out.

Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Literature Review
    2.1. Access to Debt Finance
    2.2. Gender Effect
    2.3. Firm’s Characteristics Variables
3. Methodology
4. Empirical Results
    4.1. Descriptive Statistics
    4.2. Regression Analysis
    4.3. Marginal Effects
    4.4. Explanatory Power of the Models
5. Discussion and Recommendations
    5.1. Gender Effect
    5.2. Recommendations
6. Conclusion
References

• Nghi Huu PHAN(School of Banking and Finance, National Economics University)
• Loan Quynh Thi NGUYEN(School of Banking and Finance, National Economics University) Corresponding Author