Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by recurring symptoms, airflow obstruction, and bronchial hyper-responsiveness. The onset of asthma for most patients begins early in life, and current asthma treatment with anti-inflammatory agents can have adverse effects, eventually leading to impaired quality of life. In the pathogenesis of asthma, macrophages and basophils play a vital role during progression. Macrophages not only induce inflammation by secreting inflammatory cytokines but also promote DNA damage and mucus production through nitric oxide (NO) production. Basophils enhance eosinophil recruitment and aggravate asthma through the FcεRIα receptor with high affinity for histamine and IgE. Therefore, in this study, we investigated whether the activation of macrophages and basophils is suppressed by the individual extracts of 28 natural products. RAW 264.7 cells (mouse macrophages) were treated with the natural products in LPS, and 4 natural product extracts resulted in decreased NO production. In β-hexosaminidase assay using RBL-2H3 cells (rat basophils), 19 natural product extracts decreased β-hexosaminidase production. In NO production and β-hexosaminidase assay using macrophages and basophils, 3 natural product extracts (Plantago asiatica, Centella asiatica, and Perilla frutescens var. japonica) significantly inhibited NO production and β-hexosaminidase release. Overall, we examined the inhibitory effects of 28 natural product extracts on macrophage and basophil activity, and the findings demonstrated the potential of natural product extracts for treating asthma and macrophage- and basophil-related diseases.

ABSTRACT
Materials and Methods
    추출물의 제조
    세포 배양
    세포 생존율 분석
    산화질소 (NO) 측정
    β-Hexosaminidase 분비량 측정
    통계학적 분석
Results
    천연물 유래 추출물이 대식세포 생존율에 미치는 영향
    천연물 유래 추출물의 대식세포 활성 억제 효과
    천연물 유래 추출물의 β-hexosaminidase 분비 억제 효과
Discussion
Acknowledgement
국문요약
Conflict of interests
ORCID
References

• 박재현(강원대학교 의학전문대학원·의학과) | Jaehyun Park (School of Medicine · Department of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea)
• 장지민(강원대학교 의학전문대학원·의학과) | Jimin Jang (School of Medicine · Department of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea)
• 차상률(강원대학교 의학전문대학원·의학과) | Sang-Ryul Cha (School of Medicine · Department of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea)
• 백효신(강원대학교 의학전문대학원·의학과) | Hyosin Baek (School of Medicine · Department of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea)
• 이주연(강원대학교 의학전문대학원·의학과) | Jooyeon Lee (School of Medicine · Department of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea)
• 이유희(㈜큐어슨) | You-Hui Lee (Cureson Co., Ltd, Seoul, Korea)
• 류세민(강원대학교 의학전문대학원·의학과) | Semin Ryu (School of Medicine · Department of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea) Corresponding Author
• 양세란(강원대학교 의학전문대학원·의학과) | Se-Ran Yang (School of Medicine · Department of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea)