The bones of the human body support the structures of the body and provide protection for a person’s internal organs. Bone metabolic diseases are on the rise due to a significant increase in life expectancy over a short period of time. Therefore, we investigated the osteoblast differentiation promoting and osteoclastogenesis inhibitory activities of fermented Benincasa hispida cong. (HR1901-BS, HR1901-BSaf). We evaluated the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of MC3T3-E1 mouse calvarial-derived osteoblasts. We also evaluated expression of ALP, osteocalcin (OCN), and runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), which regulate osteoblast differentiation. To assess effects on osteoclast formation, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity in RAW264.7 cells was analyzed. ALP activity increased by 121-136% and 140-156%, respectively in the presence of HR1901-BS and HR1901- BSaf. Expression of osteoblast differentiation factor also increased significantly. We also confirmed that HR1901-BS and HR1901-BSaf decreased TRAP activity in osteoclasts by 35-47% and 23-39%, respectively. Our results showed that fermented Benincasa hispida cong. (HR1901-BS, HR1901-BSaf) increase bone mineralization and osteoblast differentiation activity in MC3T3-E1 cells, and inhibit bone resorption activity in RAW264.7 cells. In conclusion, fermented Benincasa hispida cong. (HR1901-BS, HR1901-BSaf) can be used as an effective natural resource for preventing and treating bone-related diseases.

ABSTRACT
Materials and Methods
    사용 균주 및 배양 조건
    동과 발효물 제조
    세포배양
    조골세포 증식 측정
    세포 내 ALP 측정
    Western blot
    파골세포 세포독성 측정
    파골세포 생성억제(TARP assay)
    통계처리
Results and Discussion
    조골세포의 증식에 미치는 영향
    조골세포의 alkaline phosphatase 활성에 미치는 영향
    조골세포 분화 관련 인자에 미치는 영향
    파골세포의 TRAP 활성에 미치는 영향
Acknowledgment
국문요약
Conflict of interests
ORCID
References

• 최예은((주)하람 중앙연구소) | Ye-Eun Choi (Haram Central Research Institute, Cheongju, Republic of Korea)
• 양정모((주)하람 중앙연구소) | Jung-Mo Yang (Haram Central Research Institute, Cheongju, Republic of Korea)
• 유희원((주)하람 중앙연구소) | Hee-Won Yoo (Haram Central Research Institute, Cheongju, Republic of Korea)
• 조주현((주)하람 중앙연구소) | Ju-Hyun Cho (Haram Central Research Institute, Cheongju, Republic of Korea) Corresponding author