정읍 고사부리성은 백제 5방성 중 중방성으로 알려져 있으며, 그동안 9차례에 걸친 발굴 조사 결과와 문헌기록 등을 통해 중방성으로서의 역할이 확인된 바 있다. 그런데, 2021년 조사가 이루어진 9차 발굴조사에서 새로운 남문지가 확인됨에 따라 기 존에 알려진 남문지와의 관계 및 성격에 대해 재고해야 할 필요가 대두되었다. 본고에서는 기존 남문지에서 불과 90미터 떨어져 위치한 새로운 남문지에 대해 문지의 입지, 형태, 구조 등을 기존에 확인된 고사부리성 문지 및 백제 산성 문지와 비교를 통해 살펴보았다. 또한 문 헌기록과 발굴조사 결과를 비교하여 고사부리성 문지 운용에 대해서도 알아보았다. 기존에 확인된 남문지는 발굴조사 결과 조선시대에 사용된 흔적만이 확인될 뿐, 초축 당 시의 문지는 확인되지 않았다. 반면에 새롭게 확인된 남문지는 고사부리성 초축 외성벽과 동일한 방법(삭토법, 들여쌓기, 치석한 석재 사용)으로 축조된 문지 측벽이 확인되었으며, 입지양상 및 형태 역시도 백제 산성 문지에서 보여지는 것과 동일한 양상을 보인다. 이렇듯 새로운 남문지는 고사부리성 초축 당시부터 운용되어 오다 통일신라시대 이후로 2차례 개축된 것으로 판단되며, 고려시대까지 사용되다 조선시대에 들어서면서 문지폐쇄와 함께 성벽으로 개축되었다. 이후 폐쇄된 남문지는 서쪽으로 약 90m 가량 이동하여 기존에 알려진 남문지를 개축하여 이용한 것으로 보인다. 새롭게 확인된 남문지는 고사부리성 4개의 성문 중 성 내부로의 진입이 가장 용이하고, 성 내의 주요시설과도 멀지 않음에 따라 고사부리성의 초축 당시의 정문 역할을 했던 것으 로 판단된다.

The Gosaburi Fortress in Jeongeup, South Korea is known as the Jungbang Fortress among the five fortresses of Baekje kingdom, and its role as the Jungbang Fortress has been identified through the nine times of fieldwork projects and written records. However, as a new southern gate was found during the 9th excavation project in 2021, a reexamination was called, about the new gate's nature and its relationship with the previously identified southern gate. The newly found gate in only 90 meters apart from the originally known one. In this paper, the location, shape, and structure of the newly found southern gate was reviewed, and it was compared with the previously known Gosaburi Fortress gate and the Baekje Fortress gate, In addition, this paper compares written records with excavation results to understand about the operation characteristics of the Gosaburi Fortress gate. As a result of the excavation, for the previously known southern gate area, only the traces of its usage during the Joseon Dynasty were identified, and the gate remains during the initial constructions were not identified, On the other hand from the newly identified southern gate, the construction methods identical to the Gosaburi Fortress' initially built external walls were exhibited, These methods include the soil cutting, indented piling up, and the use of polished stones for the walls. In addition to that, the locational characteristics and forms also show the identical patterns as with the Baekje Fortress gate. These reexamination results suggest that the newly found southern gate was in use since the initial construction period of the Gosaburi Fortress. It is understood to have been renovated twice since the Unified Silla Period and was used until the Goryeo Dynasty. And it is understood that the southern gate was renovated into a fortress wall amidst the closure of the gate during the Joseon Dynasty. Since then, the closed southern gate has been possibly moved about 90 meters to the west, and it seems that the previously known southern gate has been renovated and began to being used. The newly identified southern gate has the easiest accessibility among the four gates of the Gosaburi Fortress, and the gate is not far from the main facilities inside the Fortress, All of these suggest that the newly found southern gate served as a main gate at the time of the initial construction of Gosaburi Fortress.

Ⅰ. 머리말
Ⅱ. 고사부리성 발굴조사 현황
Ⅲ. 고사부리성 문지의 구조와 특징
    1. 북문지
    2. 서문지
    3. 남문지(5차)
    4. 남문지(9차)
Ⅳ. 고사부리성 남문지에 대한 재고
    1. 고사부리성 초축 남문지 확인
    2. 기록과 발굴조사를 통해 본 고사부리성 문지 운용
Ⅴ. 맺음말

• 이종화((재)전라문화유산연구원 연구원) | Lee JongHwa