Using a conversation analysis (CA) framework, this study investigated how kindergarten-aged learners took initiative during classroom interactions through multimodal communication resources. Over a thirteen-week period, data was collected from kindergarten English classroom interactions between two male native Englishspeaking teachers (NESTs) and 125 children divided into six classes. The analysis revealed that learners deployed several multimodal communication resources in teacherinitiated sequences, such as finger-folding gestures, hand-raising, and gaze direction. These multimodal resources were employed to retrieve words, acquire turns, provide answers, and impart other kinds of information. The study also showed how very young learners, with limited linguistic resources, were able to attract the teacher’s attention, draw on embodied resources to access a turn, and become active agents influencing the trajectory of both teacher talk and classroom learning. The study concludes with a discussion of learner initiative and multimodal communication resources, and the pedagogical implications carried by the results of the study for classroom interaction with very young learners.

1. INTRODUCTION
2. REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE
    2.1. Learner Initiative
    2.2. Multimodal Communication Resources in Classroom Talk
3. RESEARCH METHOD
    3.1. Research Setting
    3.2. Participants
    3.3. Data Collection and Analysis
    3.4. Transcription
4. RESULTS
    4.1. Gestures for Retrieving Words
    4.2. Using a Gesture to Acquire a Turn
    4.3. Gestures as Answers
    4.4. A Gesture for Conveying Additional Information
5. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION

• Soo Kyoung Kwak(Instructor, School of English Language and Literature, Sookmyung Women’s University, 100, 47-gil, Chongpa-ro, Yongsan-gu, Seoul 04310, Korea)