The flaw of low dispersibility in the metal matrix brought on by graphene's full crystal structure can be improved by the application of ion beam radiation to the surface of the material. Copper atoms are uniformly dispersed on the modified graphene oxide ( GOM) surface after being irradiated to a copper ion beam, and during the sputtering modification, the valence state of copper is changed, resulting in the formation of a new CuO phase on the graphene oxide (GO) surface. Therefore, after copper ion beam irradiation of graphene, the interfacial adhesion between GOM and copper matrix is enhanced, and the wear resistance is significantly improved. When the GOM content is low, it can withstand most of the load during the friction and wear test, which reduces the wear of the copper matrix and the occurrence of fatigue cracks at the interface of the composite material.

Microstructure and tribological properties of ion beam-modified GO-reinforced copper matrix composites
    Abstract
    1 Introduction
    2 Materials and methods
        2.1 Modification of graphene by ion beam
        2.2 Microstructure observation and characterization
        2.3 Density test
        2.4 Tribological performance test
    3 Results and discussion
    4 Conclusions
    Acknowledgements 
    References

• Zi‑liang Liu(Faculty of Materials Metallurgy and Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, China, Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Advanced Metals and Functional Materials, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, China)
• Yong Li(Faculty of Materials Metallurgy and Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, China, Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Advanced Metals and Functional Materials, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, China)
• Xiao Guo(Faculty of Materials Metallurgy and Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, China, Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Advanced Metals and Functional Materials, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, China)
• Jun‑jie Tao(Faculty of Materials Metallurgy and Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, China, Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Advanced Metals and Functional Materials, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, China)
• Ji‑ning Huang(Faculty of Materials Metallurgy and Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, China, Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Advanced Metals and Functional Materials, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, China)
• Ling‑lin Fang(Faculty of Materials Metallurgy and Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, China, Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Advanced Metals and Functional Materials, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, China)