The widespread and extensive use of glyphosate in agriculture has raised concerns about its potential impact on the quality and safety of agricultural products. Conventional detection methods require long analysis times, making them impractical for the rapid detection of large quantities of samples. Therefore, developing a fast and simple detection system for glyphosate pesticide residues is urgent. In this study, the development of a facile fluorescence probe synthesized using a simple one-pot hydrothermal method for the determination of glyphosate is an important step toward addressing the need for a fast and simple detection system. The present sensor was created using bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a precursor, and the sensor operates by producing an “off–on” fluorescent signal. The bovine albumin-derived BSA-CDs emitted light yellow fluorescence, but this fluorescence was quenched (or suppressed) by the presence of Cu2+ ions. However, the fluorescence can be restored by the presence of glyphosate, which interacts with the Cu2+ ions to form a complex and release the BSACDs from suppression. The functional groups in glyphosate can capture Cu2+ and break the BSA-CDs/Cu2+ combinatorial system. The BSA-CDs/Cu2+ fluorescence quenching system had good selectivity for glyphosate. The detection limit of the BSA-CD/Cu2+ fluorescence sensor was 0.05 μg/mL. This developed method was utilized to successfully detect glyphosate in Chinese wheat. The average recoveries ranged from 98.9 to 100.7%, with a relative standard deviation < 3.0%, showing good prospects for practical applicability.

BSA-carbon dots a promising “off–on” fluorescence probe for detecting glyphosate residues in agricultural products
    Abstract
    1 Introduction
    2 Experimental section
        2.1 Reagents and instruments
        2.2 Synthesis of BSA-CDs
        2.3 Fluorescence sensing of glyphosate
        2.4 Analysis of practical samples
    3 Results and discussion
        3.1 Construction and characterization of BSA-CDs
        3.2 Optimization of sensing for GPs
        3.3 Selectivity and anti-interference of BSA-CDs
        3.4 Analysis of real samples
    4 Conclusion
    Acknowledgements 
    References

• Qian Wang(College of Biological and Resources Environment, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China, Institute of Quality Standardization and Testing Technology for Agro‑Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China)
• Miao Wang(Institute of Quality Standardization and Testing Technology for Agro‑Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China, Key Laboratory of Agrofood Safety and Quality (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Beijing 100081, China)
• Lufei Zheng(Institute of Quality Standardization and Testing Technology for Agro‑Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China, Key Laboratory of Agrofood Safety and Quality (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Beijing 100081, China)
• Yongxin She(Institute of Quality Standardization and Testing Technology for Agro‑Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China, Key Laboratory of Agrofood Safety and Quality (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Beijing 100081, China)
• Jing Wang(Institute of Quality Standardization and Testing Technology for Agro‑Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China, Key Laboratory of Agrofood Safety and Quality (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Beijing 100081, China)
• Minghong Jia(College of Biological and Resources Environment, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China)
• A. M. Abd El‑Aty(Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt, Department of Medical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Ataturk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey,State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China)