In this research, reduced graphene oxide/polypyrrole (rGO/PPy) particles were synthesized and used to measure the amount of dopamine (DA) electrochemically. The obtained rGO/PPy particle was characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer (FTIR), UV–Visible Spectrophotometer (UV–Vis), and X-Ray Diffraction Diffractometry (XRD). To investigate the DA sensor performance, cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) were used to acquire electrochemical measurements of the sensor. Current values of 1.65 and 5.9 mA were observed in the CV at 0.2 mM and 1.2 mM concentrations of target molecule, respectively. Under optimized conditions, the linear calibration plots were found to exhibit significant sensitivity in the linear range of 0.2 and 1.2 mM, with a corresponding detection limit of 0.061 μM for DA. The results obtained were similar to the sensor results of DA made using precious metals. This work was a demonstration of the feasibility of high-sensitivity electrochemical analysis with conductive carbon materials without the use of precious metals. It was also observed that the cost-effective rGO/PPy exhibited a very high potential for DA detection.

The use of polymercarbon based material as an efficient and low-cost electrochemical sensor for rapid electrochemical detection of dopamine
    Abstract
    1 Introduction
    2 Material and methods
        2.1 Chemicals
        2.2 GO synthesis and rGO synthesis
        2.3 Preparation of rGOPPy particles
    3 rGOPPy particles modified electrode preparation
    4 Results and discussion
        4.1 Characterization of rGOPPy particles
        4.2 Detection of Dopamine
        4.3 Effect of scan rate
        4.4 rGOPPy electrochemical sensor for detection of DA Molecule
        4.5 Comparison with reported analytical procedures
    5 Conclusion
    Anchor 16
    Acknowledgements 
    References

• Merve Akin(Sen Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Dumlupinar University, Kutahya, Turkey, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Dumlupinar University, Kutahya, Turkey)
• Ramazan Bayat(Sen Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Dumlupinar University, Kutahya, Turkey, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Dumlupinar University, Kutahya, Turkey)
• Muhammed Bekmezci(Sen Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Dumlupinar University, Kutahya, Turkey, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Dumlupinar University, Kutahya, Turkey)
• Zeynep Kazel Coguplugil(Sen Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Dumlupinar University, Kutahya, Turkey)
• Fatih Sen(Sen Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Dumlupinar University, Kutahya, Turkey)
• Mehdi Baghayeri(Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hakim Sabzevari University, PO. Box 397, Sabzevar, Iran)
• Afsaneh Kaffash(Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran)
• Fatemah Tehranejad‑Javazmi(Department of Chemistry, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran)
• Iran Sheikhshoaie(Department of Chemistry, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran)