The IUU Fishing Index is composed of 40 indicators. These indicators were grouped by state responsibilities (flag, coastal, port, and general including market) defined in the FAO IPOA-IUU (2001) and then by type into vulnerability, prevalence, and response. A total of 152 coastal nations was surveyed. Korea's total combined IUU Fishing Index was 2.49 in 2019 and 2.91 in 2021, indicating a drop in the ranking to the third worst out of 152 countries followed by China and Russia in 2021. The indicators that increased the IUU fishing risk in 2021 compared to 2019 included seven indicators of prevalence and two indicators of response while those reducing the risk included one prevalence and one response indicator. The IUU Fishing Index revealed that many fisheries observers and monitoring, control and surveillance (MCS) practitioners active in the waters of RFMOs jurisdiction where Korean distant water vessels operate have mentioned concerns about the compliance with RFMO conservation measures or fishing practices. It suggested that strengthening management intervention in the fishing sector is needed. The primary tool for management is the MCS system. Given the logistical difficulty of oversight from land, air and at-sea, there is a need to enhance MCS strategies through logbook data, at-sea observer and electronic monitoring program. It also suggested that MSC fisheries certification and fisheries improvement projects, which are widely used for improving fishing sector performance, could contribute to the eradication of IUU fishing and the promotion of sustainable distant water fisheries.

서 론
재료 및 방법
    IUU어업지수의 구조
    개별 지표, 지표군 및 IUU어업지수의 점수
결 과
    한국의 IUU어업지수
    국가간 IUU어업지수의 비교
고 찰
    한국의 IUU어업지수에 영향을 미친 요인들
    한국의 IUU어업 취약성 지표의 개선방안
    국제어업 거버넌스
    관측, 통제 및 감시(MCS) 제도
    민간 어업거버넌스 - 해양관리협의회(Marine StewardshipCouncil, MSC) 어업인증과 어업개선사업(Fishery ImprovementProject FIP)
결 론
사 사

• 김장근(지속가능어업자문/연구센터 대표) | Zang Geun KIM (Head, Consulting and Research Center for Sustainable Fisheries, Busan 48050, Korea) Corresponding Author
• 권유정(국립수산과학원 원양자원과 연구원) | Youjung KWON (Researcher, Distant Water Fisheries Resources Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan 46083, Korea)
• 이해원(국립수산과학원 원양자원과 연구원) | Haewon LEE (Researcher, Distant Water Fisheries Resources Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan 46083, Korea)
• 김두남(국립수산과학원 고래연구소 소장) | Doo Nam KIM 2 (Director, Cetacean Research Institute, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Ulsan 44780, Korea)
• 이재봉(국립수산과학원 원양자원과 과장) | Jaebong LEE (Director, Distant Water Fisheries Resources Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan 46083, Korea)