This study was aimed at examining the characteristics of women’s blue denim on the basis of design elements to provide fundamental data for fashion majors and fashion designers. Seven design elements were selected from previous studies to compare them with the following characteristics of blue denim: color (washing, dyeing), ornamentation (trimming, detailing, painting, and printing), and form modification, tearing, and ripping). Data from 1,520 photographs of the 2019 S/S to the 2023–24 F/W collections were collected through overlapping checks. The data were then subjected to frequency analysis using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (version 26). The results are as follows: The most frequent design method used in producing the denim items in our sample was washing, followed by modification, tearing, and ripping and detailing. The greatest change in denim design occurred in 2023, and more design element changes were observed in the F/W season than in the S/S season. Washing was used four times or more frequently than dyeing, while detailing was employed approximately 2 times more often than trimming. With respect to form, the most common approach was modification, followed by tearing and ripping.

I.􀀃 Introduction
II.􀀃 Review􀀃 of􀀃 literature
    1.􀀎 Definition􀀎 of􀀎 denim
    2.􀀎 Prior􀀎 studies􀀎 on􀀎 characteristics􀀎 of􀀎 denim
III.􀀃 Research􀀃 methods
    1.􀀎 Research􀀎 methods
    2.􀀎 Data􀀎 collection􀀎 and􀀎 analysis
IV.􀀃 Results􀀃 and􀀃 discussion
    1.􀀎 The􀀎 characteristics􀀎 of􀀎 color􀀎 elements􀀎 in􀀎 blue􀀎denim
    2.􀀎The􀀎characteristics􀀎of􀀎blue􀀎denim􀀎by􀀎ornaments
    3.􀀎 The􀀎 characteristics􀀎 of􀀎 blue􀀎 denim􀀎 by􀀎 form􀀎elements
V.􀀃 Conclusion

• 이경림(경성대학교 패션디자인학과 조교수) | Kyunglim Lee (Assistant Professor, Dept. of Fashion Design & Merchandising, Kyungsung University, Korea)
• 박숙현(경성대학교 패션디자인학과 교수) | Sookhyun Park (Professor, Dept. of Fashion Design & Merchandising, Kyungsung University, Korea) Corresponding author