This study aims to distinguish between various Ethiopian durum wheat varieties based on their genetic identity using chemical and morphological characterization of seeds. Combinatorial employment of five chemical tests on seeds showed marked qualitative variation among the test varieties, with high discriminatory potential noted for the standard phenol test, followed by the modified phenol and iodide tests. The modified phenol test was instrumental in further discriminating between the varieties that were not identified using the standard phenol test. Unlike the iodide and phenol tests, the NaOH and KOH tests did not show significant variation among the varieties. These results underscore the efficacy of phenol and iodide tests in differentiating between durum wheat varieties. Although the morphological traits were advantageous in seed characterization, they lacked discriminatory power compared with that of the chemical tests. This study concludes that a single test is inadequate for varietal discrimination; rather, a combination of chemical tests can augment the discriminatory potential.

INTRODUCTION
MATERIALS AND METHODS
    1. Chemical tests
    2. Seed morphological traits
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
    1. The response of seeds color to chemical tests
    2. Seed morphological characters
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
REFERENCES

• Daniel Hailegiorgis Haile(Department of Plant Science, Wollo University, Dessie 1145, Ethiopia)
• Ewnetie Takele Getie(Department of Plant Science, Bahirdar University, Bahirdar 79, Ethiopia)
• Chong Ae Lee(Institute of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea) | 이정애 (전북대학교 농업생명과학대학 농업과학기술연구소)
• Song Joong Yun(Institute of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea, Department of Crop Science and Biotechnology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea) | 윤성중 (전북대학교 농업생명과학대학 농업과학기술연구소, 전북대학교 농업생명과학대학 작물생명과학과) Corresponding author