Pigs are considered a “mixing vessel” that can produce new influenza strains through genetic reassortments, which threaten public health and cause economic losses worldwide. We performed surveillance of swine influenza virus (SIV) using 114,140 nasal swabs from 11,414 Korean farms from 2009 to 2022, and characterized their genetic evolution at each farm level. A total of 169 farms out of the 11,414 (1.48%) were SIV-positive. The positivity rate for the H1N2 subtype, which is most dominant in the pig population, was 37.87% (64/169). Through hemagglutinin (HA) gene analysis, 64 H1N2-positive farms were classified into Eurasian avian-like (46/64, 71.88%), triple-reassortant (14/64, 21.88%), pdm09 (3/64, 4.69%), and classical swine (1/64, 1.56%) groups. The estimated evolutionary rate of HA in H1N2 from 2009 to 2022 in Korea is 1.5309 × 10-3/site/year (95% HPD intervals from 1.0003 × 10-3 to 2.1735 × 10-3) with an estimated mean growth rate of 0.0114. Estimates of the relative genetic diversity of clades over time suggested that the HA of H1N2 exhibited an increase in population size. The results of this study showed that the Eurasian avian-like-HA of the H1N2 subtype was dominant in the pig population. The continued evolution of the HA of H1N2, which is critical for cell entry, might lead to genetic diversity and the loss of vaccine cross-protection. These results indicate that continus surveillance is imperative for monitoring the evolution of the swine influenza virus.

INTRODUCTION
MATERIALS AND METHODS
    Samples collection and detection of SIV
    Isolation and sequencing of SIV
    Phylodynamic analysis of HA gene
RESULTS
    Detection and subtyping of SIV
    Phylogenetic analysis of HA gene of H1N2
    Evolutionary dynamic of HA gene of H1N2
DISCUSSION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
REFERENCES

• Go-Eun Shin(Animal Disease Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea)
• Eun-Yong Lee(Animal Disease Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea)
• Kyoung-Ki Lee(Animal Disease Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea)
• Ilseob Lee(Animal Disease Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea)
• Bok-Kyung Ku(Animal Disease Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea)
• Hye-Young Jeoung(Animal Disease Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea) Corresponding author