Energy storage is one of the leading problems being faced globally, due to the population explosion in recent times. The conventional energy sources that are available are on the verge of extinction, hence researchers are keen on developing a storage system that will face the upcoming energy needs. Supercapacitors, also known as ultracapacitors or electrochemical capacitors, are advanced energy storage devices characterised by high power density and rapid charge–discharge cycles. Unlike traditional batteries, supercapacitors store energy through electrostatic separation, offering quick energy release and prolonged operational life. They hold exceptional performance in various applications, from portable electronics to electric vehicles, where their ability to deliver bursts of energy efficiently complements or replaces conventional energy storage solutions. Ongoing research focuses on enhancing energy density and overall efficiency, positioning supercapacitors as pivotal components in the evolving landscape of energy storage technologies. A novel electrode material of NiO/CuO/Co3O4/rGO was synthesized which when used as a supercapacitor, the highest value of CS is 873.14 F/g which is achieved for a current density of 1 A/g under with an energy density of 190 Wh/kg and the highest power density of 2.5 kW/kg along with 87.3% retention after 5000 GCD cycles under 1 M KOH.

Examination of hybrid electrode material for energy storage device supercapacitor under various electrolytes
    Abstract
    1 Introduction
    2 Experimental methods
        2.1 Materials and reagents
        2.2 RNCC synthesis procedure
        2.3 Fabrication and measurements of supercapacitor
    3 Results and discussions
        3.1 X-ray diffraction of RNCC
        3.2 FT–IR spectroscopy of RNCC
        3.3 Raman spectroscopy of RNCC
        3.4 HR-SEM analysis of RNCC
        3.5 BET analysis of RNCC
        3.6 Electrochemical studies of RNCC
    4 Conclusion
    References

• Joselene Suzan Jennifer Patrick(Department of Physics, Loyola College (Autonomous), Affiliated to the University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600034, India, Loyola Institute of Frontier Energy, Loyola College (Autonomous), Affiliated to the University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600034, India)
• Niranjana Subrayapillai Ramakrishna(Department of Physics, Panimalar Engineering College, Chennai 600123, India)
• Muthupandi Sankar(Department of Physics, Loyola College (Autonomous), Affiliated to the University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600034, India)
• Madhavan Joseph(Department of Physics, Loyola College (Autonomous), Affiliated to the University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600034, India)
• Victor Antony Raj Moses(Department of Physics, Loyola College (Autonomous), Affiliated to the University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600034, India, Loyola Institute of Frontier Energy, Loyola College (Autonomous), Affiliated to the University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600034, India)
• Shanmuga Sundar Saravanabhavan(Department of Biotechnology, Aarupadai Veedu Institute of Technology, Vinayaka Mission’s Research Foundation (DU), Chennai Campus, Paiyanur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India)
• Muthukrishnaraj Appusamy(Amrita School of Artificial Intelligence, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641112, India)
• Manikandan Ayyar(Department of Chemistry, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641021, India, Centre for Material Chemistry, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641021, India) Corresponding author