This study was conducted to estimate the effects of the forage process on rumen fermentation characteristics and greenhouse gas emissions of rye. Rye was grown at the Taeyoung Livestock farm and harvested at the heading stage. The harvested rye (5 kg) was sub-sampled for fresh forage, hay, and silage in triplicates. The sub-sampled rye was freeze-dried or air-dried for fresh forage or rye hay, respectively. For rye silage, the sub-sampled rye forage was ensiled into a 10 L mini bucket silo and stored for 90 days. For 72 h rumen incubation, each forage (0.3 g) was placed into the incubation bottle with the rumen mixture (30 mL) in quadruplicates. After the incubation, total gas was measured and sub-sampled for CO2 and CH4 analyses, and the bottle content was centrifuged for in vitro digestibilities of dry matter (IVDMD) and neutral detergent fiber (IVNDFD), and rumen fermentation characteristics. Silage had higher crude protein, crude ash, and acid detergent fiber concentrations than fresh forage and hay but lower non-fiber carbohydrates and relative feed value (p<0.05). And, silage had higher lactic acid bacteria than the other forages but lower pH (p<0.05). After 72 h incubation in the rumen, fresh forage had higher IVDMD and butyrate content than the other forages (p<0.05). However, silage had higher rumen pH and propionate content than the other forages but lower A:P ratio (p<0.05). Regarding greenhouse gases, silage had lowest total gas (mL/g DMD and NDFD) and CH4 (mL/g DMD and NDFD) emissions, while fresh forage had lowest CO2 (mL/g DMD) emission (p<0.05). Therefore, this study concluded that the ensiling process of rye can effectively mitigate greenhouse gas emissions of Hanwoo.

Ⅰ. 서론
Ⅱ. 재료 및 방법
    1. 호밀 생산
    2. 영양소 함량, 발효특성 및 미생물 성상
    3. 반추위 내 in vitro 소화율과 발효특성
    4. 반추위 내 in vitro gas 발생량
    5. 통계처리
Ⅲ. 결과 및 고찰
    1. 영양소 함량, 발효특성 및 미생물 성상
    2. 반추위 내 in vitro 소화율과 발효특성
    3. 반추위 내 in vitro gas 발생량
Ⅳ. 요약
Ⅴ. 사사
Ⅵ. REFERENCES

• 김지윤(경상국립대학교 응용생명과학부(BK21Four)) | Ji Yoon Kim (Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Four), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea)
• 정승민(국립축산과학원 초지사료과) | Seung Min Jeong (Grassland and Forages Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Cheonan 31000, South Korea)
• 주영호(경상국립대학교 농업생명과학연구원) | Young Ho Joo (Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea)
• 백창현(경상국립대학교 응용생명과학부(BK21Four)) | Chang Hyun Baeg (Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Four), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea)
• 최부길(경상국립대학교 응용생명과학부(BK21Four)) | Bu Gil Choi (Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Four), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea)
• 애린다(경상국립대학교 응용생명과학부(BK21Four)) | Arrynda Rachma Dyasti Wardani (Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Four), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea)
• 김삼철(경상국립대학교 응용생명과학부(BK21Four), 경상국립대학교 농업생명과학연구원) | Sam Churl Kim (Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Four), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea, Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea) Corresponding author