Hydrothermal and ultrasonic processes were used in this study to synthesize a single-atom Cu anchored on t-BaTiO3. The resulting material effectively employs vibration energy for the piezoelectric (PE) catalytic degradation of pollutants. The phase and microstructure of the sample were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and it was found that the sample had a tetragonal perovskite structure with uniform grain size. The nanomaterial achieved a considerable increase in tetracycline degradation rate (approximately 95 % within 7 h) when subjected to mechanical vibration. In contrast, pure BaTiO3 demonstrated a degradation rate of 56.7 %. A significant number of piezoinduced negative charge carriers, electrons, can leak out to the Cu-doped BaTiO3 interface due to Cu’s exceptional conductivity. As a result, a single-atom Cu catalyst can facilitate the separation of these electrons, resulting in synergistic catalysis. By demonstrating a viable approach for improving ultrasonic and PE materials this research highlights the benefits of combining ultrasonic technology and the PE effect.

Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Experimental Procedure
    2.1. Chemicals
    2.2. Anchoring monoatomic Cu to BaTiO3
    2.3. Characterization and PE activity test
3. Results and Discussion
    3.1. XRD analysis
    3.2. Observations of TEM and HAADF-STEM
    3.3. XPS analysis
    3.4. Piezoelectric characteristics of the sample
    3.5. Tetracycline degradation
    3.6. Mechanism discussion
4. Conclusion
Acknowledgement
References
Author Information

• Shu Ye(School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center of Silicon-Based Materials, Bengbu University, Bengbu 233030, China)
• Jing Cheng(Department of Resources and Environment, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China)
• Zeda Meng(School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China)
• Won-Chun Oh(Department of Advanced Materials Science & Engineering, Hanseo University, Seosan 31962, Republic of Korea) Corresponding author