이 연구는 신경독성을 나타내는 cyclic imine (CI) 독소 의 한국 내 수입되는 패류 내의 오염 수준을 분석한 것으 로, LC/MS/MS를 통해서 spirolide, pinnatoxin, gymnodimine 유도체 7종을 대상으로 분석하였다. 총 21개의 수입산 패 류를 수집하여 분석한 결과, 뉴질랜드산 홍합에서 SPX C 가 227.84 ppt, 칠레산 홍합에서 PnTX G가 80.42 ppt, 뉴 질랜드산 홍합에서 Gym A가 118.79 ppt로 검출되었다. 이 러한 결과는 수입산 패류에서 CI 독소가 초래할 잠재적인 위협의 가능성을 나타내며, 소비자 건강 보호를 위하여 지 속적인 모니터링의 필요성을 시사한다. 또한 이러한 독소 가 포함된 패류 제품에 대한 규제 조치의 시행이 필요함 을 시사하며, 이를 보다 잘 이해하고 관리하기 위한 지속 적인 연구가 필요하다.

The detection of high levels of cyclic imine (CI) toxins, noted for their neurotoxic effects, in imported shellfish products represents a significant public health concern for South Korea. In this study, we investigated the levels of CI contamination in these imported products. Specifically, we focused on spirolides (SPX-C), pinnatoxin (PnTX), and gymnodimine-A (gym-A), utilizing advanced LC/MS/MS analytical techniques. Samples collected from a range of imported shellfish revealed substantial contamination, with SPX-C being detected at 227.84 ppt in New Zealand mussels, PnTX-G at 80.42 ppt in Chilean mussels, and GYM-A at 118.79 ppt in New Zealand mussels. These findings are particularly alarming, given that the concentrations of CIs in shellfish from certain countries often exceed those found in South Korean products, posing a potentially significant risk to public health when these contaminated products are imported. On the basis of our findings, we advocate the urgent implementation of stringent regulatory measures to control and mitigate the health hazards associated with these toxins in shellfish products. Additionally, we emphasize the importance of ongoing monitoring and continuous research to gain a better understanding of these risks and to develop effective strategies for their management, which will thereby contribute to protecting consumer health in the context of increasing global seafood trade.

ABSTRACT
Materials and Methods
    실험 재료 및 시약
    패류시료 추출물 제조
    LC/MRM-MS를 이용한 CI 유도체 독소 분석
Results and Discussion
    수입산 패류의 MS Spectrum 분석 결과
Acknowledgments
국문요약
Conflict of interests
ORCID
References

• 김영상(제주대학교 해양생명과학과) | Young-Sang Kim (Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea)
• 김혜원(충남대학교 아시아-태평양 당분석 연구교육센터, 충남대학교 분석과학기술대학원) | HyeWon Kim (Asia Glycomics Reference Site, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea, Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea)
• 유재영(충남대학교 아시아-태평양 당분석 연구교육센터, 충남대학교 분석과학기술대학원) | JaeYoung Yu (Asia Glycomics Reference Site, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea, Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea)
• 오명진(충남대학교 아시아-태평양 당분석 연구교육센터, 충남대학교 분석과학기술대학원) | Myung Jin Oh (Asia Glycomics Reference Site, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea, Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea)
• 서나리(충남대학교 아시아-태평양 당분석 연구교육센터, 충남대학교 분석과학기술대학원) | Nari Seo (Asia Glycomics Reference Site, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea, Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea)
• 최창순(중앙대학교 식품공학부 식품영양전공) | Changsun Choi (Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Biotechnology and Agriculture Resource, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Korea)
• 안현주(충남대학교 아시아-태평양 당분석 연구교육센터, 충남대학교 분석과학기술대학원) | Hyun Joo An (Asia Glycomics Reference Site, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea, Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea) Corresponding author
• 전유진(제주대학교 해양생명과학과) | You Jin Jeon (Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea) Corresponding author