Graphene-based solar cells and supercapacitors integrated into photosupercapacitors represent a pioneering advancement. These devices leverage the exceptional properties of graphene, such as high conductivity and large surface area, to enhance both solar energy conversion and energy storage. The integration of these technologies into photosupercapacitors creates a multifunctional device capable of harnessing solar energy and storing it efficiently. This innovative approach holds promise for sustainable and versatile energy solutions, marking a significant step towards developing efficient and compact energy storage systems. This integration addresses the intermittent nature of solar power generation by providing a continuous and reliable power supply through energy storage. Supercapacitors are one such energy device with a high-power density and excellent specific capacitance which is integrated will a dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) comprising a single system of photosupercapacitor. A novel electrode material of NiO/CuO/Co3O4/rGO was synthesized which serves as the Pt-free counter electrode of DSSC and working or storage electrode of supercapacitor later was used as the intermediate electrode and storage electrode of a photosupercapacitor. The integrated photosupercapacitor device had a photovoltage of 0.81 V with arealspecific capacitance, energy and power density of 190.12 mF cm− 2, 17.325 μW h cm− 2 and 0.162 mW cm− 2, respectively. The device self-discharged in 385 s with an overall conversion efficiency of 2.17%, resulting in a self-charged energy device.

A bifunctional nanocomposite of hybrid quaternary nanocomposite as electrodes for an integrated Pt-free DSSC powered supercapacitor–photosupercapacitor
    Abstract
    1 Introduction
    2 Experimental methods
        2.1 RNCC synthesis procedure
        2.2 Fabrication and measurements of photosupercapacitor
    3 Results and discussions
        3.1 X-ray diffraction of RNCC
        3.2 XPS analysis of RNCC
        3.3 TEM analysis of RNCC
        3.4 SAED analysis of RNCC
        3.5 BET analysis of RNCC
        3.6 TGA–DTA of RNCC
        3.7 Photosupercapacitive measurements of RNCC
    4 Conclusion
    References

• Joselene Suzan Jennifer Patrick(Department of Physics Loyola College, Chennai 600034, India, Loyola Institute of Frontier Energy, Loyola College, Chennai 600034, India)
• Niranjana Subrayapillai Ramakrishna(Department of Physics, Panimalar Engineering College, Chennai 600123, India)
• Muthupandi Sankar(Department of Physics Loyola College, Chennai 600034, India)
• Dinesh Ayyar(Department of Chemistry, Government Arts College for Men (Autonomous), Affiliated to the University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600025, India)
• Madhavan Joseph(Department of Physics Loyola College, Chennai 600034, India)
• Victor Antony Raj Moses(Department of Physics Loyola College, Chennai 600034, India, Loyola Institute of Frontier Energy, Loyola College, Chennai 600034, India)
• Malarkodi Ammavasi(Tamil Nadu State Council for Science and Technology (TNSCST), Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600025, India)
• Manikandan Ayyar(Department of Chemistry, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641021, India, Centre for Material Chemistry, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641021, India) Corresponding author