근로자는 작업중 발생하는 유해위험을 가장 먼저 파악하고 대응할 수 있는 주체이다. 기업 이 ESG 경영을 지속하기 위해서는 산업재해 예방을 위한 근로자의 역할과 참여가 중요하 다. 특히 근로자의 작업중지는 급박한 위험으로 인한 인명 피해를 줄일 수 있는 최후의 보루로서 산업현장에서 작동해야 한다. 이에 본 연구에서는 화학설비의 정비 및 보수작업 에서 발생한 사고에 대한 근로자의 작업중지의 효과성을 검증하고 작업중지 제도를 활성 화를 위한 기초자료를 제공하고자 한다. 연구에서는 2005년부터 2022년까지 18년간 발생 하였던 150건의 중대산업사고 중 정비ㆍ보수작업 중 발생한 총 54건의 사고를 분석하였 다. 정비ㆍ보수작업의 시작부터 사고라는 결과가 발생하기까지 사고요인인 사건(Event)과 조건(Condition)들을 논리적인 순서로 나타내고, 사고에 영향을 준 조건(Condition)들을 추론하여 직접원인(Direct Cause)들을 도출하였다. 도출된 직접원인은 여러 명의 전문가 그룹(Focus Group)을 구성하여 직접원인에 대한 상대적 중요도를 파악하기 위한 설문조 사를 실시하였고, 설문조사 결과에 대한 정량적인 분석을 위하여 계층화 분석법인 AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process)분석을 통하여 최종 핵심 위험요인을 결정하였다. 최종 적으로 결정된 핵심위험요인은 최근(2023년) 발생한 사고사례에 적용하여 핵심위험요인 의 인지한 근로자가 작업중지를 실행하였다면, 사고의 예방에 기여할 수 있을지 여부를 검증하였다. 본 연구결과로 발굴된 핵심위험요인들은 사업주 책임경영의 일환으로써 화 학설비의 정비ㆍ보수작업 시 근로자의 작업중지 결정이 활성화되는데 기초자료로 활용할 수 있을 것이다.

Maintenance and repair work on chemical facilities is very dangerous work. The reason is that chemicals are processed to produce products and to remove dangerous chemicals. A total of 150 serious industrial accidents occurred over the 18 years from 2005 to 2022, of which 54 were accidents caused by maintenance and repair work, accounting for 36%. During the same period, there were a total of 89 deaths due to serious industrial accidents, of which 40 died due to maintenance/repair work, accounting for 45%, and among the 40 deaths, those were those of subcontracted employees who actually performed maintenance/ repair work. accounted for a whopping 78%. A serious industrial accident is a chemical accident that occurred at a PSM-targeted workplace. PSM business sites are establishing a process safety management system, and maintenance and repair work on chemical facilities that occur at PSM business sites is carried out in accordance with safe work permit guidelines. The safe work permit guidelines are a system that checks the preparation for safe work through pre-work safety inspections and approves the results. Work begins only with work approval, and it is a method of systematically managing preliminary inspection results, work approval, and continued compliance during work through a safety work permit. Nevertheless, the reality is that deaths caused by maintenance and repair work account for 45% of all serious industrial accident deaths. This can be said to be evidence that clearly shows how important the participation of workers themselves is as subjects of safety and health activities. Therefore, this study was intended to contribute to activating workers' work stoppage as stipulated in the Occupational Safety and Health Act. Article 52 (Work Suspension of Workers) Paragraph 1 of the Occupational Safety and Health Act stipulates that “if there is an imminent risk of an industrial accident occurring, work may be stopped and evacuated.” A total of 150 serious industrial accidents were collected over 18 years from 2005 to 2022, and among these, 54 serious industrial accidents that occurred during maintenance and repair work were analyzed. As a result, workers were required to stop work due to “imminent risk of industrial accidents,” such as “failure to remove materials,” “failure to implement measures to prevent material inflow,” “gas detection results,” “failure to manage ignition sources,” and “failure to wear appropriate protective equipment.” A total of 5 factors were discovered. This will serve as a basis for determining whether workers participating in chemical facility maintenance and repair work will decide to stop work. For example, if the alarm from the gas detector worn during maintenance work on a pipe handling flammable substances sounds, the worker must stop work. However, above all, what is most necessary to encourage workers to stop work is the role of employers. On January 26, 2021, the “Act on Punishment of Serious Accidents, etc.” was enacted. The enacted law requires business owners or management managers to prepare a manual on measures in case a major industrial accident occurs or there is an imminent risk of occurrence, and to check whether actions are taken in accordance with the manual. Despite establishing a process safety management system and operating a safe work permit system, serious industrial accidents continue to occur due to non-compliance with basic safety rules and safety procedures. This is probably why the actual workers involved should be at the center of safety activities and accident prevention. In the end, the prevention of serious industrial accidents requires efforts by employers to prevent risks, such as establishing a safety and health management system, and a mature safety culture in which workers themselves faithfully implement the system. Nevertheless, the employer's will for responsible management is the most important, and based on the employer's will, all workers at the workplace must be educated and trained to stop work as part of safety activities in case of imminent danger. Whether or not workers carry out work stoppages will be the most reliable indicator to measure the level of a mature safety culture. It is hoped that the key risk factors discovered as a result of this study can be used as basic data to encourage workers' decisions to stop work.

국문요약
Abstract
1. 서 론
2. 해외 사례 및 선행연구 분석
    2.1. 해외 사례
    2.2. 선행 연구 분석
3. 연구 내용
    3.1. 정비ㆍ보수작업 관련 사고현황 조사
    3.2. 직접원인 도출(ECFC, Events & Causal Factors Chart)
    3.3. 직접원인에 대한 상대적 중요도 분석(FGI)
    3.4. AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) 분석
    3.5. 핵심위험요인의 발굴(결정)
    3.6. 핵심위험요인에 대한 검증
4. 연구결과 및 시사점
    4.1. 연구결과
    4.2. 시사점
5. 결 론
참 고 문 헌

• 강규철(한국산업안전보건공단, 차장) | Kang Kyu Chul (Senior Manager, KOSHA, KOREA OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY & HEALTH AGENCY)