This study was conducted in the San Pedro Department to determine the impact of different soil management practices on sesame productivity. Different tillage methods (conventional deep tillage, minimum tillage, and no-tillage), crop rotations (monoculture, double, and triple rotation), various combinations of green manure, and appropriate doses of chemical fertilizers were studied. The results revealed that the no-tillage method combined with crop rotation (corn-cotton-sesame) and fertilization had the highest productivity of 1,548 kg/ha. In contrast, the conventional deep tillage method without fertilization showed the lowest productivity with 614 kg/ha. Incorporation of summer green manures (Mucuna pruriens) in minimum tillage methods with fertilization significantly improved productivity (1,010 kg/ha) in comparison with the same tillage method and fertilization but without Mucuna (720 kg/ha), which highlights the synergistic effects of combining green manures with chemical fertilizers. The treatment of winter green manures consisting of black oat + white lupine and black oat + radish has also significantly improved the productivity of sesame with 904 and 900 kg/ha, respectively, compared to the non-use of winter green manure and the use of chia, which had productivities of 695 and 298 kg/ha, respectively. The best chemical fertilization doses of nitrogen (urea 45% N), phosphorus (46% P2O5), and potassium (60% K2O) were determined through tests with increasing doses of each nutrient, maintaining 40 kg/ha as the base for the other two. The highest productivity was obtained with N, P, and K levels of 70 kg/ha each, resulting in productivities of 1,421, 1,522, and 1,486 kg/ha. However, the maximum profit compared to the input is obtained with doses of 50 kg/ha for N and 60 kg/ha for P and K, giving a productivity of 1,390, 1,510, and 1,421 kg/ha, respectively.

ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION
MATERIALS AND METHODS
    Experiment region and soil
    Two tillage methods with crop rotation and chemicalfertilization
    Different tillage methods with the use of summergreen manure (Mucuna) and fertilization
    Effect of winter green manure crops on sesameproduction and the soil
    Chemical fertilization: optimum adjustment for productivityand optimum economic adjustment
RESULTS
    Two tillage methods with crop rotation and chemicalfertilization
    Different tillage methods with the use of summergreen manure (Mucuna) and fertilization
    Effect of green winter manure crops on sesameproduction
    Chemical fertilization: optimum adjustment forproductivity and optimum economic adjustment
DISCUSSION
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
적 요
REFERENCES

• Miguel Florentin(Centro de Investigación para la Agricultura Familiar - Instituto Paraguayo de Tecnología Agraria (CIAF-IPTA) Choré, San Pedro, Republic of Paraguay)
• Jenny Bareiro(KOPIA Paraguay Center, Centro De Investigación Hernando Bertoni - CIHB - IPTA Caacupé, Ruta 02 Km. 48.5, Caacupé, Republic of Paraguay)
• Betania Fernández(KOPIA Paraguay Center, Centro De Investigación Hernando Bertoni - CIHB - IPTA Caacupé, Ruta 02 Km. 48.5, Caacupé, Republic of Paraguay)
• Seong-Bin Kim(Rural Development Administration, Korea Partnership for Innovation of Agriculture Division, 300, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeonbuk-do 54875, Republic of Korea) | 김성빈 (농촌진흥청 국외농업기술과, 전라북도 전주시 덕진구 농생명로300, 54875)
• Bong Nam Chung(KOPIA Paraguay Center, Centro De Investigación Hernando Bertoni - CIHB - IPTA Caacupé, Ruta 02 Km. 48.5, Caacupé, Republic of Paraguay) | 정봉남 (Centro de Investigación Hernando Bertoni - CIHB del Instituto Paraguayo de Tecnología Agraria – IPTA Caacupé, Ruta 02 Km 48.5, Caacupé, 파라과이) Corresponding author