Natural populations of numerous species have decreased sharply in recent years, and a number of mammalian species are also now at elevated risk of extinction globally. The long-tailed goral Naemorhedus caudatus, a vulnerable and protected species designated by IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) and CITES (the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora), is distributed in Northeast Asia including the Korean Peninsula. In South Korea, the Seoraksan National Park is known as the largest core habitat for the long-tailed goral population. In this study, phylogenetic relationships and population genetic features of the Seoraksan goral population were analyzed using fecal samples with both mitochondrial DNA and microsatellite markers. We found that Seoraksan gorals were the most closely related to Russian population, and also found that a unique Seoraksan lineage evolved there. In addition, the Seoraksan goral population showed higher genetic diversity than other South Korean populations, suggesting that this population might represent the most ecologically and evolutionarily important remnants of the long-tailed goral in South Korea. The Seoraksan goral population had a low level of genetic differentiation and a rather single genetic structure, suggesting that non-negligible levels of gene flow might have occurred across populations. Moreover, microsatellite genotype-based individual identification estimated that the population size was ≥81 in the Seoraksan National Park. Findings of our study suggest that effective conservation and restoration actions are needed for long-term conservation of N. caudatus in this protected area.

Abstract
1. 서 론
2. 재료 및 방법
    2.1. 연구대상 지역
    2.2. 연구 방법
3. 결과 및 고찰
    3.1. 한국 산양의 계통학적 위치 및 특성
    3.2. 설악산 산양 개체군의 유전적 다양성 및 구조
    3.3. 설악산 산양 개체군의 최소 개체수 추정
적 요
CRediT authorship contribution statement
Declaration of Competing Interest
사 사
REFERENCES

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• 김대호(상지대학교 생명과학과 분자생태및진화학실험실, 주식회사 세울엔지니어링) | Dae Ho Kim (Molecular Ecology and Evolution Laboratory, Department of Biological Science, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Sangji University, Wonju 26339, Republic of Korea, Sewul Engineering Co., Ltd., Seoul 05836, Republic of Korea)
• 장지은(상지대학교 생명과학과 분자생태및진화학실험실, 국립공원공단 국립공원연구원) | Ji Eun Jang (Molecular Ecology and Evolution Laboratory, Department of Biological Science, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Sangji University, Wonju 26339, Republic of Korea, National Park Research Institute, Korea National Park Service, Wonju 26441, Republic of Korea)
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• 김혜리(국립공원공단 국립공원야생생물보전원) | Hye-Ri Kim (National Park Institute for Wildlife Conservation, Korea National Park Service, Yeongju 36015, Republic of Korea)
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