This study analyzes the use of variations of the response expressions “eung” and “eo” in messenger KakaoTalk. KakaoTalk conversation data are obtained from speakers in their 20s from March 2022 to November 2024 and the variations are reviewed based on gender, follow-up utterances, and pragmatic function via logistic regression analysis. The analysis result shows that, the variations are more diverse in messenger conversations than in actual spoken words and that men are more likely to use {eung}, particularly type “ㅇㅇ”. Additionally, different usage rates of {eung} and {eo} are indicated for different pragmatic functions; in particular, {eung} is more frequently used in reasking and emphasizing self-speech, whereas {eo} is more frequently used in hesitating and withholding answers. Additionally, women use variants more often than men, and in the absence of follow-up utterances, variations are more likely to be used than basic types. This study expands our understanding on how languages differ from spoken languages in digital environments by revealing the relationship among variations in response expressions, gender, follow-up utterances, and pragmatic functions in messenger conversations.

Abstract
1. 서론
2. 감탄사 ‘응’과 ‘어’의 응답 표현 기능
3. 연구 방법
    3.1. 연구 자료 및 분석 대상
    3.2. 통계 분석 방법
4. 연구 결과와 논의
    4.1. 계열에 따른 변이형의 종류
    4.2. {응}과 {어}의 사용 양상
    4.3. 기본형과 변이형의 사용 양상
5. 결론
참고문헌

• 김미경(University Student, Department of Applied Statistics, Chung-ang University; 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Korea) | Migyeong Kim
• 양명희(Professor, Department of Korean Language and Literature, Chung-ang University; 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Korea) | Myunghee Yang Corresponding author