This study investigates contact-induced grammatical change with specific emphasis on the prefinal imperfectives –ang and -ag in Swahili. Strategies for marking tense and aspect in Swahili and Bantu languages have been analyzed in a number of books, book chapters and articles. Despite the incontrovertible upsurge in the use of prefinal imperfectives, particularly in communicative interactions amongst the youth in urban settings, investigations into this phenomenon are scarce. Based on naturally occurring data obtained in Nairobi, Kenya and observations and interpretations, this study attempts to analyze the morphosyntactic and semantic features of prefinal imperfectives –ang and -ag in Swahili. First, background information conducive to understanding this grammatical change is provided. This includes the standardization of Swahili and its impact on present-day Swahili, strategies to mark tense and aspect in Swahili and other Bantu languages, semantic features of imperfectivity in Swahili, the prominent roles of mimesis in acquiring a second language in contact situations, the S-curve of language change and its applicability, and the disadvantages of prescriptive grammar rules. All these key concepts and topics are interrelated, and less researched topics must be included to systemically and clearly explain language change. Accordingly, this study is designed to enhance our understanding regarding one of the aspects of grammatical change from both synchronic and diachronic perspectives.
This study examines the signs of 83 Korean restaurants operating in Berlin as of January 2025 and discusses the following from the perspective of the language landscape: First, in which characters are these signs written? Second, in what language is the term ʺKorean restaurantʺ stated? Third, in which language is the store name written? Fourth, do other design considerations exists? The result shows that those who operate Korean restaurants in Berlin tend to display signs primarily in Roman letters instead of highlighting Hangul, which is still considered an unfamiliar character to Germans to avoid creating an overly heterogeneous language landscape. But the result of more comprehensive examination shows that the Korean restaurants in Berlin tend to display their identity and characteristics as Koreans. These research results can be used as reference material to gauge the lifestyle of Korean immigrants in the present Germany, beyond a simple discussion of the language landscape.
This study examines public perceptions and language ideologies regarding English use in Korea‘s linguistic landscape by analyzing 2,191 online news comments concerning the English-only menu controversy in 2023. The analysis reveals that negative comments (89%) significantly outnumbered accepting ones (11%). Critical responses view English use as displaying pretentiousness and cultural subservience while posing a threat to Korean linguistic and cultural identity. Critics raise concerns regarding language use, such as incorrect English usage, inconsistent bilingual practices, and discrepancies between displayed and actual proficiency. They also point to issues of information accessibility and the broader trend of excessive English use in Korean society. By contrast, accepting perspectives justify English menu use based on business owners’ autonomy, strategic marketing, the basic comprehensibility of the English used, and the naturalness of English use in the global era. The findings highlight that monolingualism prevails, with English perceived as distinctly “foreign,” while also revealing contradictions in public attitudes, including overreliance on foreign validation of Korean, conflicting views on linguistic hierarchy, and ambivalent attitudes toward English proficiency. This study contributes to a better understanding of public perceptions of English in Korea‘s linguistic landscape and the ideological dynamics underlying language choice in public spaces.
This study examine the manner by
which media characteristics are reflected in text formation by-, focusing on book
advertising on Instagram. By analyzing book advertising, i.e., a type of advertising text on
Instagram, from a text-linguistic perspective, this study examines the textual
characteristics of Instagram advertising texts and compares them with book
advertisements in other media to identify the unique media characteristics of Instagram.
Book advertising on Instagram can be categorized into three types: traditional, hide, and
fan page. Differences in the structural characteristics and composition of linguistic and
visual symbols are observed in each type. Compared with book advertisements in print
and video media, the reversal technique due to page-type image exposure, direct exposure
to the advertisement target, and intuitive advertisement-content organization can be
regarded as examples that reflect the characteristics of Instagram as a medium. In
particular, the structure of book advertisements comprising [thumbnail > text >
conclusion] reveals the characteristics of the medium the most significantly. Additionally,
various aspects such as the linear organization of verbal and visual symbols and
hierarchical and complementary relationships, are observed, which are regarded as the
characteristics of book advertisements on Instagram.
In daily written communication, speakers occasionally use the nonstandard, abbreviated form “ㅕ” instead of the standard “ㅟㅓ” when combining verbs ending in “ㅟ” with suffixes beginning with “ㅓ”. This study examines the frequency of “ㅕ”using corpus data and investigates the sequential aspects of its usage through conversation analysis. First, eight verbs ending in “ㅟ” are selected, and the frequency of “ㅟㅓ” and “ㅕ” in four types of uncorrected written corpora is analyzed. The results show that in messenger and online conversation corpora, the “ㅕ” form is used in a majority of instances for verbs such as “바뀌다” (to change) and “사귀다” (to date). Correlation analysis shows that “relational context,” such as speaker-listener intimacy, contact frequency, and relationship, significantly affect the usage, whereas regression analysis indicates no linear causal relationship. Meanwhile, conversation analysis show that the use of the abbreviated form “ㅕ” is related to affiliation achieved within sequential structures. This study aims to promote a multifaceted understanding of linguistic phenomena by analyzing them through the parallel application of two empirical methodologies.
This study analyzes the use of variations of the response expressions “eung” and “eo” in messenger KakaoTalk. KakaoTalk conversation data are obtained from speakers in their 20s from March 2022 to November 2024 and the variations are reviewed based on gender, follow-up utterances, and pragmatic function via logistic regression analysis. The analysis result shows that, the variations are more diverse in messenger conversations than in actual spoken words and that men are more likely to use {eung}, particularly type “ㅇㅇ”. Additionally, different usage rates of {eung} and {eo} are indicated for different pragmatic functions; in particular, {eung} is more frequently used in reasking and emphasizing self-speech, whereas {eo} is more frequently used in hesitating and withholding answers. Additionally, women use variants more often than men, and in the absence of follow-up utterances, variations are more likely to be used than basic types. This study expands our understanding on how languages differ from spoken languages in digital environments by revealing the relationship among variations in response expressions, gender, follow-up utterances, and pragmatic functions in messenger conversations.
In this paper, This study examines the acquisition patterns of Chinese advanced Korean learners before and after comprehensive output is applied in the acquisition of adnominal suffix, The aim of this study is like to verify whether it functions as a “'perceptive”'among the important roles in second-language acquisition. The main research question sad dressed are as follows: 1. What is the acquisition pattern of '-(으)ㄴ' and '-던' be fore and after applying the compressible output? 2. What is the cognitive processing patterns of '-(으)ㄴ' and '-던' of learners before and after the compressible output is applied? 3. (Hypothesis verification)The compressible output functions to recognize the target grammar item. Pre- and post-SPRT and WGJT are conducted to solve Research Problems 1 and 2, and to solve Research Problem 3, interview contents with participants and reconstructed contents are analyzed. The results in dicate that for the first research question, the response rate of learners to the tubular ending '-(으)ㄴ' question increased the post-correct answer rate, and resulted in more effective acquisition compared with before the output is applied. Meanwhile, the learner's response rate to “'-던”'improved slightly. However, ]no significant difference is indicated between the before and after cases;,therefore, one may not conclude that the acquisition of '-던' after the output is more effective. Regarding the cognitive processing patterns '-(으)ㄴ' and '-던', the main effect of the '-(으)ㄴ' sub-item type(F=3.14, P= .045) and the main effect before and after the output is applied(F=28.54, P= .000) are significant. However, the item type and the interaction before and after the output is applied(F=0.39, P= .75) cannot be confirmed as significant. In other words, both the pre- and post-learners ex hi bit different sensitivities depending on the type of question. However, one may not firmly conclude that the pattern of varying sensitivities differs before and after the output is applied. Regarding the question pertaining to '-던' one may not conclude that the main effect of the item type(F=1.11, P= .37), the main effect before and after the output is applied(F=1.65, P=.37), and the interaction between the item type and the pre-and post-output(F=1.71, P= .14) are all significant. In other words, one may not conclude the sensitivity of '-던' varies bypre-/ post-output and the item type. Interviews and reconstructions with participants are analyzed to verify the "getting to know" hypothesis among the important roles posed in the third research question. The result shows that,, in acquiring a second language, the understandable output clearly recognizes the gap between what one wishes to express and what one can use accurately through communication, corrects errors from the other person’'s feedback, or activates the knowledge one learned to promote the level of accurate use from avoidance for the part one wishes to express when correcting errors.
This study aims to analyze linguistic form components and research areas expressed in the titles of well-established domestic papers. The titles of well-established domestic academic papers are written using an average of 22 syllables. The sentence form of the title is typically a noun phrase without a subtitle, and in cases with a subtitle, it is in the form of a noun phrase-an adverb phrase. Additionally, the most common foreign word in the title of the paper is “stress,” the most frequently used characters are “AI, MBTI, MZ, and Chat GPT,” and the most frequently used punctuation mark is the comma. The research area is similar to “stress,” which appear frequently among foreign words. The most frequently investigated subject is “nursing college student,” which is expressed using the particle “of(ui).” In terms of the research focus, the word “research” is the most frequently expressed in the title of the paper. The word “Korea” appears frequently in the scope and conditions of the paper, and “centering around(~eul/reul jungsimeuro)” is primarily used to express it. In research theory and technology, “MBTI personality type” appears the most frequently in the title of the paper and is expressed as “based on(~giban).” In terms of research methods and tools, “big data analysis” appears the most frequently and is expressed as “through(~eul/reul tonghan).”
This study analyzes the usage of “Haeyo(-이에요/예요, -이에요/예요?, -아/어 요, -아/어요?)” and “Hapsyo(-입니다, -입니까?, -ㅂ/습니다, -ㅂ/습니까?)” styles based on gender using the “Electronic Everyday Dialogue Corpus”. First, a question is posed regarding the appropriateness of the Korean language textbook “できる韓国語初級Ⅰ (Chapter 3: 그건 뭐예요?)”, which states that “-예요/이에요” is frequently used by women and men from Seoul, whereas “-입니다” is more commonly used by men. The findings reveal that both men and women generally prefer the “Haeyo” style, with women showing stronger inclination. Additionally, regardless of the region, both genders use the “Haeyo” style more frequently than the “Hapsyo” style. To summarize, the results of the study suggest that whereas women predominantly use the “Haeyo” style, men use both “Haeyo” and “Hapsyo” styles. This shows that Korean textbooks should provide more accurate descriptions of language use that reflect contemporary sociolinguistic trends.