This paper examines the language of comments on K-pop YouTube videos from the 1970s to the 1990s. Specifically, it analyzes the comments on compilation videos of songs by Cho Yong-pil and Hye-euni, the most popular of that era, focusing on the topics discussed and the titles used for the two singers. The analysis reveals that netizens frequently post comments in five main thematic categories. In ‘Sharing Memories’ and ‘Celebrating and Encouraging’ categories, netizens engage with one another, sharing their feelings as member of a temporary community. Regarding the use of address terms, netizens are found to treat Cho Yong-pil with more respect and reverance than Hye-euni, while also using they friendlier titles for him. This difference is interpreted as a result of factors such as the age and gender differences between the two singers, variations in name composition, career continuity, and levels of popularity. The study suggests that netizens who engage with YouTube music videos are not merely interested in the video content but also express their attitudes toward the featured artists and interact with other viewers.
This paper aims to test deep-learning-based Korean language models’ capacity to learn and detect social registers embedded in speech data, specifically age, gender, and regional dialects. A comprehensive understanding of linguistic phenomena requires contextualizing speech based on speakers’ age, gender, and geographic background, along with the processing of syntactic structures. To bridge the gap between human language understanding and model processing, we fine-tuned three representative Korean language models—KR-BERT, KoELECTRA-base, and KLUE-RoBERTa-base—using transcribed data from 4,000 hours of speech by middle-aged and elderly Korean speakers. The findings reveal that KoELECTRA-base outperformed the other two models across all social registers, which is likely attributed to its larger vocabulary and parameters size. Among the dialects, the Jeju dialect showed the highest accuracy in inference, which is attributed to its distinctiveness, making it easier for the models to detect. In addition to the fine-tuning process, we have made our fine-tuned models publicly available to support researchers interested in Korean computational sociolinguistics.
In this paper, I explore the complex domain of counterfactuality, arguing for its recognition as a discrete grammatical category. My analysis is based on the premise that counterfactuality, as a linguistic construct, encompasses propositions and scenarios that diverge from the empirical realities of our world. I then examine the use of counterfactual expressions in both subordinate clauses and main clauses, with a particular focus on their prevalence in subordinate clauses. These expressions are carefully categorized into three distinct types according to their semantic nature: conditional construction, concessive construction and contrastive construction. Finally, the functions of counterfactual expressions are delineated, revealing their multifaceted roles in serving emotional, preparatory, and inferential purposes within communication.
From a conversation-analytic perspective, this study examines how the Korean connective ‘-nuntey’ is used in interactions between children and caregivers. The ‘nuntey’-clause occurs not only in utterance-medial positions as a clausal connective but also in utterance-final positions without accompanying main clauses in actual conversations. Previous studies have identified two primary functions of ‘-nuntey’: a ‘background provider’ and a ‘contrast marker’. In this study, the analysis of conversations between children and caregivers shows that caregivers often use the ‘nuntey’-clause to explain why they cannot comply with a child's request or to repremand them for their behavior, which frequently leads to changes in the child’s behavior or intentions. In contrast, children use the ‘nuntey’-clause in "telling-my-side" utterances to describe their own actions or observations, often eliciting responses or praise from caregivers. This pattern refelct the nature of child-caregiver interactions, where the caregiver's primary role is to manage the child’s behavior, while the child’s main goal is to attract the caregiver’s attention.
Linguistic discrimination, or linguicism, has not been thoroughly explored through socio-political analytical frameworks. This study aims to review existing academic literature on linguistic discrimination and propose new foundations for future research. To understand the conventional research topics and methods in linguistic discrimination studies, this paper critically reviews key concepts and terms, including race-driven, language variation-based, and general perspectives. It then introduces an alternative analytic framework, incorporting methodologies from critical discourse studies (CDS). The socio-political phenomenon of linguistic discrimination is further explored through the lens of Michel Foucault’s governmentality, subjectivity, and the neoliberal form of life. Within this perspective, discriminated languages and subjects are viewed as shadows of neoliberal governance, and ‘the care of the self’ is proposed as a potential form of resistance againt linguistic normalization and discrimination. This study also discusses future areas of research, campaigns, and educational initiatives related to critical language awareness and language diversity.
The purpose of this study is to overcome the heterogeneity of the inter-Korean languages, focusing on the relationship between the North Korean dialect and the identity of North Korean defectors. While the language problem has been seen as a challenge for North Korean defectors adapting to South Korean society, this paper shifts to view it as a task for South Korean families, highlighting the need for greater acceptance of North Korean language and culture. This paper argues that to restore the language identity of North Korean defectors, signficant changes are required in the ways in which South Koreans perceive, recognize, and accept North Korean dialects as part of a shared language rather than a political language.
This study traces the origin of the current <Romanization of the Korean Language> back to the 19th century to engage in a discursive analysis of Romanization. Central to this discussion is the question of what the object of the discourse is, as discourse is not inherently given but is constructed through a particular perspective. This paper examines the context that led to the development of Romanization in the 19th century to identify the object of the Romanization discourse and the trajectory it followed. Furthermore, it investigates 19th-century texts that addressed Romanization issues to seek for the perception of the West in Joseon during that era. The shift in Western perceptions of Joseon led to the initiation of Korean language studies and the development of Romanization systems.
Drawing on Fairclough’s three-dimensional critical discourse analysis (CDA) model, this study investigates how South Korean newspapers represent institution-led Global Citizenship Education (GCE) initiatives in terms of genres, styles, and discourses. By analyzing discursive strategies employed in articles from eleven national daily newspapers, the paper reveals how language and discourse are interconnected in constructing and negotiating the significance of institution-led GCE in the South Korean context. The findings highlight the following key features and their implications. First, the genre analysis shows a predominance of straight news reporting, where headlines and leads emphasize institutional agency while backgrounding participants’ roles, thus perpetuating power imbalances in the GCE field. Second, the style analysis reveals contrasting quotation patterns and strategic language use by authoritative figures to legitimize GCE initiatives, which potentially narrows the understanding of GCE and diverts attention from its complex contexts. Finally, the discourse analysis uncovers contrasting strategies that reflect divergent priorities and power dynamics in the perception and implementation of GCE across institutional contexts. This study provides insights into how media representations can reshape and reinforce the implementation and outcomes of GCE programs in South Korea.