This study aims to analyze linguistic form components and research areas expressed in the titles of well-established domestic papers. The titles of well-established domestic academic papers are written using an average of 22 syllables. The sentence form of the title is typically a noun phrase without a subtitle, and in cases with a subtitle, it is in the form of a noun phrase-an adverb phrase. Additionally, the most common foreign word in the title of the paper is “stress,” the most frequently used characters are “AI, MBTI, MZ, and Chat GPT,” and the most frequently used punctuation mark is the comma. The research area is similar to “stress,” which appear frequently among foreign words. The most frequently investigated subject is “nursing college student,” which is expressed using the particle “of(ui).” In terms of the research focus, the word “research” is the most frequently expressed in the title of the paper. The word “Korea” appears frequently in the scope and conditions of the paper, and “centering around(~eul/reul jungsimeuro)” is primarily used to express it. In research theory and technology, “MBTI personality type” appears the most frequently in the title of the paper and is expressed as “based on(~giban).” In terms of research methods and tools, “big data analysis” appears the most frequently and is expressed as “through(~eul/reul tonghan).”

This study evaluated the suitability of using Wickerhamomyces anomalus A1-5 isolated from solid grain fermentation broth for winemaking by comparing the quality and functionality of Campbell Early wine produced with single and mixed inoculations. The pH ranged from 3.43 to 3.68, with the highest value in treatment B. Soluble solids ranged from 5.0 to 7.7 °Brix. Total acidity was measured at 0.42% to 0.47%. Color analysis indicated a significant decrease in lightness with an increase in redness across all treatment groups compared to the control. Among aroma compounds, 8 alcohols, 6 esters, 3 acids, and 11 other compounds were identified, with the control having the highest alcohol content and treatment D having the highest ester content. Tannin and total polyphenol contents ranged from 46.46 mg% to 95.92 mg% and from 87.66 mg% to 147.21 mg%, respectively. Antioxidant activities measured by DPPH and ABTS assays ranged from 33.84% to 69.02% and from 42.43% to 89.18%, respectively, with treatment B exhibiting the highest activities. These results suggest that W. anomalus A1-5 may positively influence the quality and functionality of Campbell Early wine, presenting potential as a novel yeast strain for winemaking.

황근은 동아시아에서 가장 북쪽에 분포하는 준맹그로브에 속한다. 황근의 식생 분포 변화를 살펴보는 것은 기후변화 로 인한 우리나라의 난대 식생대 변화를 관찰하는데 유용할 것으로 판단된다. 본 연구는 Hibiscus속 준맹그로브와 황근의 지리적 분포 관계를 살펴보고 황근 군락 분포에 영향을 미치는 환경요인을 분석하였다. 황근 군락은 지역과 해안 유형에 의해 구분할 수 있었는데, 그룹 Ⅰ의 경우 깊은 만 안쪽으로 함몰된 지형에 발달한 토양을 기반으로 군락이 형성되어 있으며 초본 염생식물과 함께 출현하였다. 그룹 Ⅱ는 기반암이 많이 노출된 해안 혹은 자갈 해안에서 강한 파도의 영향을 견딜 수 있는 덩굴성 해안 관목과 함께 발달하였다. 그룹 Ⅲ은 일본에 위치한 군락으로 우리나라보 다 다양한 해안 유형에서 나타나며, 100개체 이상 큰 규모의 순군락이 출현하였다. 황근 군락 분포에 영향을 주는 환경요인을 분석한 결과 가장 따뜻한 분기의 강수량이 가장 중요한 요인으로 분석되었다. 본 연구에서는 기후 인자들과 준맹그로브 분포의 관계를 분석하고 기후변화 영향에 대한 황근의 생태적인 반응을 이해하는 기반을 마련하고자 한다.

Park, Eunha. (2023). “Analysis of Language Use and Characteristics of Korean Bestseller Book Titles over the Past Five Years”. The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea, 31(4), 175-201. This study analyzed linguistic composition of titles of recent best-selling books in online bookstores over the past five years. Additionally, we sought to understand the characteristics and social aspects of the words appearing in the book. The results of the analysis of the composition of book names show that the number of book titles written in Hangul or with Hangul and numbers was the most common over the past five years. In terms of length, the book titles were most frequently between four and eight syllables long. The most frequent names utilized nouns or noun phrases, followed by full sentences, and the plain-type Haerache ranked third. As a result of analyzing the words in the title of the books, when the title of the book over the past five years was displayed in Wordcloud, the words in the TOEIC test books and the title of the comic books were visualized in large format. As a result of examining the frequency of words in Boyant-tool, the number of numbers(1, 2) that did not appear in Wordcloud was the highest, followed by words from TOEIC test books and comic books.

Park, Eunha. (2023). “Perceptions of “Hwanhyangnyeo,” “Wianbu,” “Yang-gongju” Through Example Sentences in Korean Dictionaries and the Internet Articles“. The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea, 31(2), 29-58. This study investigated and analyzed examples of three terms found in dictionary entries and internet articles to examine the perceptions of war and women in Korean society. A preliminary examination of dictionary entries found that one dictionary’s referred to “hwanhyangnyeo” as a stigmatized term, used to expression hatred toward women even after returning home post the war. In the example sentences of “wianbu,” in the dictionaries, the phrase “other expressions” was commonly used, which precisely conveyed or demanded facts. Entries regarding “wianbu, Japan, and the government’s expressions” generally portrayed a negative view of “wianbu” victims and related issues. Further, concerning the example sentences of “yang-gongju,” in dictionaries, the most frequently used entry depicted it as an “expression of other people’s perception of yang-gongju.” Except for other expressions conveying factual information, two negative expression types related to “yang-gongju” were identified. When examining the usage of these expressions in internet articles, entries related to “the government’s response” were found to be the most prevalent. For “hwanhyangnyeo,” articles most frequently focused on “the history of ‘hwanhyangnyeo’.” Regarding articles containing “wianbu,” primary topic of interest was “the expedition of the Girl Statue in German.” Finally, articles concerning “yang-gongju” commonly referred to “the poor life of ‘yang-gongju.’”

The purpose of this study was to examine the language and culture of infectious diseases in Korean society through related expressions. Accordingly, four kinds of Korean dictionaries were investigated, and the results were examined by dividing relevant expressions into epidemic-related vocabularies and infectious disease-related case statements. First, examination of epidemic-related vocabulary found that most names of infectious diseases were expressed using Chinese characters and English loanwords. Since each infectious disease name has several synonyms, Koreans have referred to major infectious diseases by a variety of names. The names of infectious diseases were mainly reflect such information as the causes, routes of transmission, and symptoms of infection, as well as attitudes toward how to deal with the diseases. Second, the examination of case statements related to infectious diseases showed that the disease with the most example sentences was COVID-19, which recently started and has not yet ended. Case statements related to infectious diseases can be broadly divided into four categories: the designation of infectious diseases, fear of infectious diseases, patients with infectious diseases, and places of infection. In addition, we found we found that patients with infectious diseases and places of infection generated negative perceptions and expressions.

This study aims to critically analyze how gendered spaces and gender images are expressed verbally and non-verbally in the latest information and communication advertisements. The results showed that the gendered space appeared although it had nothing to do with the information and communication devices or advertisement content. The gender-specific spatial distinctions and restrictions fully reflected the stereotypes of gender roles. Sexist images also emerged in the verbal and non-verbal expressions with images of women being reproduced in a more negatively compared to that of men. Regarding frequency, many aspects limited and revealed “the differing interests and characteristics of gender”, which were expressed both verbally and non-verbally. The emphasis on women's appearance stood out non-verbal, albeit superfluously. It is a problem that these gender images and perceptions are fixed or reproduced through mass media.

In this study, we attempted to compare the maceration processes in the white wine made of Muscat of Alexandria grape having different the fermentation· maceration periods. These wine were sampled and analyzed by fermentation periods. The pH of wines ranged from 3.25 to 3.27 and the total acidity of wines ranged from 0.85~0.91% (w/v) on the 12th day of fermentation period. The ethanol concentration in these wines increased during the alcoholic fermentation period, on the other hand, the soluble solid concentrations (°Brix) decreased. The b value (yellowness) of Muscat of Alexandria wine was the highest at 8.31 in C treatment, which is a wine with a long maceration period, and B (7.19) and A (5.27) were significantly decreased as the maceration period was shorter. The total polyphenol and tannin content of wine increased with the period of maceration. Total polyphenol and tannin contents had the highest values (64.20 and 67.11 mg%, respectively) in the C treatment, which is a wine with a long maceration period on the 12th day of fermentation period. The physiological activities of Alexandria wine were highest level in the treatment with a long maceration period. As a result, this study provides useful scientific information that quality characteristics and physiological activities in white wine.

In this study, vin chaud were manufactured with eight types of vin chaud-bomb containing different amounts of ingredients, and Campbell Early wine. Samples were analyzed for pH, total acidity, volatile acidity, ethanol content, total polyphenol, and anthocyanins, and radical scavenging activities for antioxidant effect. Based on the results of this study the pH of the samples ranged from 3.34 to 3.41 and the total acidity of wines ranged from 0.55 to 1.00%. The alcohol contents of the vin chaud samples ranged from 3.8~5.8% to and the color intensity of the vin chaud samples was higher than that of the wine. Total polyphenol content was 145.90~262.98 mg% and the tannin content of the C-1 (236.90 mg%) was the highest among the samples. The ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging activity of the samples were 57.39~75.10% and 63.71~80.00% respectively. α-Glucosidase inhibitory activity ranged from 21.54 to 33.49%, on the other hand, wine was not detected and tyrosinase inhibitory activity had the highest values (39.26%) in the C-1 sample. The findings of the present study provide insightful scientific information on vin chaud, and forms a basis for further innovations in the food and wine industry.

This study discusses the representation of women and the use of discriminatory language expressions regarding them in movies. This study analyzed female characters and the language expressions used in relation to these female characters in the films between 2014 and 2019. Considering features of each character, the following types of discrimination were observed: “treating women as sexual objects” and “subordinating wife to husband” on the subject of right and violence, “treating women as men’s subordinates” for labor and in positions of leaderships, “excluding women” in terms of race and disabilities, “restricting women to gender-specific roles such as housewives” in motherhood and image of women, and “treating women’s behavior or personality differently’ in abilities and occupations. In the result of discriminatory language expressions, “degrading of women” was most frequently observed. And “treating women’s behavior or personality differently” was observed in few movies, exhibiting the lowest frequency. “Treating women as subordinates to men” and “excluding women” were expressions of discrimination in public spheres against social advancement, and “restricting women to gender-specific roles such as housewives” and “subordinating wife to husband” can be considered expressions of patriarchy.

This study outlines the language and gender studies in Korea over the past 30 years and derives some prospect of the future research. Following the epitome of the beginning and development of the studies in the framework of modern sociolinguistics, this article reviews the relevant studies on both Korean and foreign languages. The review shows that the works on this topic can be broadly classified into three main research areas; language variation, utterable genderlect and objective genderlect. Though having entered upon this research area two decades later than those in Amercian and European countries, Korean sociolinguists have produced significant results, especially in the gender-specific utterances in Korean. Works on other languages have been also carried out, often with applied linguistic purposes of cross-linguistic/cultural analysis, foreign language education, translation as well as consciousness raising of gender issues. Emphasizing the need for interdisciplinary approaches both in perspectives and research methods of the future studies, this article expects continuation of variation studies for completing the description of ‘language variation and change’, sociolinguistic efforts and movement against the gender bias and discrimination, and analysis of various types of communication in cyber space. It is also pointed out that language use of sexual minorities is one of the most untapped and subtle sociolinguistic topics in Korea.

The purpose of this study is to examine a corpus regarding the use of discriminatory language and its perceptions. First, we examined informal job titles that indicate social views regarding the respective workers, and then we analyzed expressions indicating negative perceptions as well as negative expressions about occupations and tasks to determine negative views or attitudes toward the workers. Summarizing the results of the analysis, ganhowon(nurse) and cheongsobu(cleaner) as inappropriate titles, nogada(physical labor) and gongdori/gongsuni(factory boy/girl) as expressions of negative perception, and nogada and wunjeonsu(driver) in negative expressions related to occupations and work occur with high frequency. Ganhowon is used with titles for women like eonni(older sister), agassi(lady), and Miss ○, cheongsobu and pachulbu(day maids) with the titles ajumma(tannie) and ajeossi(older man), wunjeonsu and gongsuni with the epithets nom(jerk) and nyeon(bitch), and nogada with the titles ilggun(workers) and inbu(laborers), and such terms as jjapsae(the fuss) with a epithet saeggi(jerk/bleeder) are used mainly as inappropriate titles. Bad behavior, deprecatory social treatment, and negligent discrimination are conveyed in these expressions of negative perception. The expressions related to occupation and work were mainly used for professionals doing less respected or socially lower work or who do not work well, and there were many expressions indicative of low status or lower rank in the job hierarchy. Lastly, references to appearance and sexuality were those most frequently used in expressions conveying other occupational discrimination, and were found to be used mainly for ganhowon and gongsuni who are young women.

This study aims to examine the sociolinguistics of the abusive language used by NAVER news commentators. The results are as follows. First, it can be seen that there are many comments on political articles, and criticizing the government's policies or accusing the former and present presidents. Those who wrote those comments were usually in their forties, and the commentators who add profane comments were in their fifties. Moreover, the percentage of males who comment using profanity is quite high. In the case of commentaries on political articles, the ratio of male authorship was overwhelmingly high, however, in the case of social/cultural articles, the proportion of women who wrote commentaries was higher. The most frequent type of profanity was of the “mental deficiency type”, followed by the “sexual phenotype.” People commenting on news articles used abusive words, but they change their forms in various ways, this tactic is derived from the response to blocking profanity. Second, according to the analysis of the survey results, the respondents stated that they occasionally wrote comments on internet news but did not use profanity in the internet space. The most common reason for using profanity on the internet was “habitual”, followed by “trying to relieve stress”. The reaction to such profanity was intensive and ambivalent at the same time. The reason for using profanity was mainly attributed to positive and insensitive reactions. However, the result of a regarding how to cope with the abusive use language in internet comments showed that the respondents should mostly refrain from using it or should not use it. Also, the respondents thought that it was necessary for the manager to adopt measures to change the forced conversation on the internet site. Due to the high rate of responses to “striking out”, “strong regulation”, and “abusive deletion programs” in an effort to prevent the abusive language use in the internet space, the respondents generally did not seem to have any objection to these regulations.

지난 106년(1912~2017) 동안 우리나라의 연평균기온은 10년마다 0.18℃ 상승하였으며 여름은 19일 길어지고 겨울은 18일 짧아졌다. 이러한 기온 상승과 계절의 변화는 식물의 생장과 발달에 영향을 미쳐 잎의 발아나 꽃의 개화가 앞당겨지거나 잎의 생장과 결실이 촉진되는 등 식물계절의 유의한 변화를 초래할 수 있다. 생물계절 변화 연구는 장기간의 모니터링을 통해 이루어지며, 과거에는 이러한 연구가 진정한 과학이 아니라고 여겨졌으나 최근 기후변화와 기온 상승의 잠재적인 영향을 평가하는데 중요한 지표로 인식되고 있다. 그에 따라 식물계절의 변화 경향에 관한 연구가 활발히 이루어지고 있는데 기후변화에 따른 벚꽃 등의 식물을 대상으로 한 개화시기 연구 등 봄철 식물계절 시기와 기온 사이의 상관관계에 관한 연구가 주로 이루어지고 있다. 국내의 경우 서울시에서 40년 동안 개나리, 왕벚나무, 아까시나무의 개화시기가 앞당겨졌음을 보고한 바 있으며 성주한(2003)은 홍릉수목원에서 개나리, 미선나무 등 47종 을 대상으로 개화시기가 평균 15일 정도 빨라졌음을 보고한 바 있다. 그러나 대부분의 연구가 봄철의 일부 시기 조사와 일부 종에 국한되어 있거나 산림지역에서 식물계절의 변화를 장기간 관찰한 연구결과는 부족한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구는 국립공원 지역 신갈나무를 대상으로 장기간 식물계절 변화를 관찰하기 위한 시스템을 구축하고 이를 통해 기후변화 따른 국립공원 육상생태계의 변화를 파악하고자 한다. 연구대상지는 산림기후대를 고려하여 온대 북부의 설악산국립공원 2개소, 온대 중부의 소백산국립공원 1개소, 온 대남부의 지리산국립공원 2개소, 난대에 위치한 월출산국립공원 1개소로 총 6개소에서 연구를 진행하였으며, 장기간 안정적인 모니터링을 수행하기 위해 촬영된 사진 자료가 원격으로 송수신되는 생물계절관찰카메라를 설치하여 하 루 최대 10장의 사진자료를 수집하였다. 수집된 자료를 바탕으로 개엽시기를 분석하였으며, 개엽 진행 단계를 5단계로 구분하여 분석하였다. 또한 개엽시기에 영향을 미치는 기상요인 분석하기 위해 미기상관측장비 수집자료 및 기상 청 방재기상관측자료를 활용하였다. 분석 결과 설악산은 4년간 1.2일 빨라지는 경향을 나타냈으며, 지리산의 경우 상선암 일원은 2013년 이후 6년간 0.7일, 성삼재 주차장 일원은 2.1일 빨라지는 경향을 나타냈다. 월출산은 2011년 이후 8년간 1.3일 빨라지는 경향을 보였다. 개엽 단계별 개엽시기를 살펴보면 모든 개엽단계에서 개엽시기가 빨라지는 경향이 보이고 있으나, 동아성숙일로부터 성숙완료일까지 소요된 기간인 개엽기간은 큰 차이가 없는 것으로 분석되었다. 신갈나무 개엽시기에 영향을 미치는 기상요인을 살펴본 결과 3월 평균기온 및 봄평균기온이 상승함에 따라 신갈나무 개엽시기가 빨라지는 경향을 보이고 있어 봄철 식물계절이 2월~3월 평균기온과 높은 상관관계가 있다는 선행연구와 유사한 연구결과가 도출되었다.

생태복지는 인간의 복지와 건강한 생태계의 상호관계성에 대한 국제적 담론에서 시작되었다. 본 연구는 국립공원이 생태복지의 최대 실현가능 지역이라는 점에서 국립공원에 적합한 ‘국립공원 생태복지’ 개념을 정립하고 정책방향을 설정함으로써 향후 국립공원에서의 생태복지 실현을 도모하기 위한 기초자료를 제공하는데 그 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 사전워크숍과 총 2회에 걸친 델파이 조사를 수행하였다. 본 연구를 통해 ‘국립공원 생태복지’는 국립공원에서 생태계의 지속가능성과 생물다양성을 유지하며, ‘국립공원 인간복지’와 ‘국립공원 생태계복지’의 조화를 지향하는 복지로 정의되었다. 2차 델파이 결과 모든 항목에서 평균 4.00 이상, 내용 타당도(CVR) 0.37 이상, 변이계수(CV) 0.5 미만으로 타당한 내용으로 확인되었다. 국립공원 생태복지의 정책방향을 설정하기 위해 생태복지의 바탕이 되는 생태계서비스의 요소들 중 국립공원에 적합한 주요 요소를 도출한 결과 공급서비스에서 먹이·식량, 물, 유전자원 3 항목, 조절서비스와 기반(서식지)서비스의 모든 항목, 문화서비스에서 미적정보, 휴양관광, 심신치유, 지식체계․교육적 가치 4항목이 최종 도출되었다. 또한 본 연구에서는 국립공원 생태복지의 개념과 향후 국립공원 생태복지 정책이 어떻게 나아가야할지 방향성을 제시하였다. 그러나 이를 실현하기 위해서는 향후 이에 대한 구체적인 단위사업에 대한 실행계획이 수반되어야 하며 이를 위한 추가적인 연구가 필요할 것이다.

Park Eun-ha. 2016. “Comparative Study of Linguistic Aspects Expressed in Cosmetic TV Commercials: With a Special Focus from 1960 to 1989 and from 2013 to 2015”. The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea 24(1). 149~174. This study examines and compares characteristics of sentences, vocabularies, textual structures, and types of persuasion in cosmetics TV commercials that have aired before the 1980s (1960~1989) and in the last three years (2013~2015). The study consists of four parts, and the findings are as follows: First, in order of frequency of occurrences, “declarative sentences” ranks the first, followed by “imperative sentences” before the 1980s and “interrogative sentences” in the last three years. Word final endings reveal that nouns have been the most frequent in both periods, followed by haera style before the 1980s and haeyo style in the last three years. Second, this study examines the main topic and characteristics of vocabulary in cosmetics TV commercials. The results show that “skin” is the most frequent main topic in both periods. Remarkable topics in use indicate: “color” and “scent” before the 1980s, “moisture” and “anti-aging” in the last three years. In the use of foreign languages, alphabets have been in use for the written caption in the last 3 years, while Hangeul (Korean alphabet) were used for the written caption before the 1980s. Third, with regard to the textual structure, it is noted that the structural factors of the advertising texts were observed similarly. In the two periods under study, caption and female narrators texts have been the most frequently or mainly. Compared from 1960 to 1989 with from 2013 to 2015, male characters have appeared somewhat in the last three years while there have been no male characters before the 1980s. Finally, for the type of persuasion, “straightforward type” ranks the highest, followed by “economical type”, and “CM song type” before the 1980s, and “mixed type” among various types in the last three years.

Park, Eun-Ha. 2015. “Social Discrimination Factors in Korean Coursebooks: Focused on Korean Coursebooks for Female Marriage Immigrants, Immigrant Workers, and North Korean Refugees”. The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea 23(1). 55~83. This study investigates and analyzes social discrimination factors occurring in Korean coursebooks that disfavor immigrant workers, female marriage immigrants, and North Korean refugees as minorities in Korea. Therefore we examine what kind of social discrimination factors high placed and how these are presented in both verbal and nonverbal expressions. With regard to verbal forms, we examine discriminatory expressions in sentences and conversations including vocabularies commonly used in Korean coursebooks. The result prove that of all other forms of social discrimination found in Korean coursebooks, instances of gender role stereotypes occur most frequently. The second most frequently verbal discriminatory expression found referred to gender personality and behavior, while the third most frequently used discriminatory expression referred to physical appearance and body image. Also revealed in the study was a high recurrence of referencing gender role stereotypes in Korean coursebooks for female marriage immigrants as found through comparing two particular coursebooks. Concerning nonverbal forms, we examine discriminatory expressions in main characters and illustrations. In three types of Korean coursebooks, we observe a high recurrence of gender-biases when discussing job positions. For examples, one coursebook referred to restaurant work as suited for women, while describing the position of doctor as male job. Korean coursebooks for immigrants further reveal discrimination in their descriptions of socioeconomic status as determining so-called higher citizenship status. In illustrations, gender-biases of job and gender role stereotypes were presented more frequently in three kinds of Korean coursebooks than in the other kinds.