Maize (Zea mays. L) is one of the major sources of green fodder for livestock in Pakistan. Crop management plays a key role in obtaining high yields for green fodder. Fertilizer application, seed rate, and row spacing are critical components of crop management, which can significantly affect crop biomass. To determine the best production technology, a two-year (2021-2023) study was conducted at the research area of National Agricultural Research Center, Islamabad. Plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, green fodder yield per acre, and green fodder yield per hectare were recorded. Various row spacing (15 cm, 30 cm, 45 cm, and 60 cm), fertilizer ratio (N: P = 55:30, 65:40, 75:50, and 85:60), and seed rates (30 kg/ac, 35 kg/ac, 40 kg/ac, and 45 kg/ac) were applied. Results obtained experiments revealed that in both growing seasons, the maximum green fodder yield was obtained when fertilizer N: P ratio was 75:50 (green fodder biomass: 74.61 t/ha and 72.56 t/ha). Similarly, the optimal seed rate was found to be 40 kg/ac, which resulted in the highest green fodder yield (73.41 t/ha and 72.88 t/ha in two seasons). Furthermore, the plant of maize at row spacing of 30 cm was found to generate the maximum green fodder yield (72.39 t/ha and 72.40 t/ha, respectively). Green fodder yield per hectare was found to be positively correlated with plant height, number of leaves, and leaf area. These findings underscore the significance of applying a fertilizer ratio of N: P = 75:50, a seed rate 40 kg/ac, and a row spacing of 45 cm for higher yields of green fodder in maize crop.

ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION
MATERIALS AND METHODS
    1. Experimental Layout
    2. Treatment Details
    3. Data Collection
    4. Data Analysis (ANOVA)
    5. Correlation studies
RESULTS
    1. Impacts of Seed rate, fertilizer dose and rowspacing on Maize crop
    2. Fertilizers effect for season 2022-23:
    3. Seed rate effects for season 2022-23:
    4. Row spacing effects for season 2022-23:
    5. Correlation:
DISCUSSION
CONCLUSION
적 요
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES

• Muhammad Sheraz(Fodder and Forage Program, CSI, NARC, Chak Shehzad, Islamabad, Pakistan) | 무함마드 세라즈 (사료작물 프로그램, 작물과학연구소, 국립농업기술원, 챠크 샤자드, 이슬라마바드, 파키스탄)
• Gyoungrae Cho(KOPIA, Islamabad, Pakistan) | 조경래 (KOPIA, 이슬라마바드, 파키스탄) Corresponding author
• Seo-Won Lee(KOPIA, Islamabad, Pakistan) | 이서원 (KOPIA, 이슬라마바드, 파키스탄)
• Yu Jin Lee(KOPIA, Islamabad, Pakistan) | 이유진 (KOPIA, 이슬라마바드, 파키스탄)
• Fahad Karim Awan(Fodder and Forage Program, CSI, NARC, Chak Shehzad, Islamabad, Pakistan) | 파하드 카림 아완 (사료작물 프로그램, 작물과학연구소, 국립농업기술원, 챠크 샤자드, 이슬라마바드, 파키스탄)
• Zulfiqar Ali Gurmani(Fodder and Forage Program, CSI, NARC, Chak Shehzad, Islamabad, Pakistan) | 줄피카르 알리 구루마이 (사료작물 프로그램, 작물과학연구소, 국립농업기술원, 챠크 샤자드, 이슬라마바드, 파키스탄)