A hybrid energy harvester that consisted of thermoelectric (TE) composite film and electrospun piezoelectric (PE) polymeric membranes was constructed. TE composites were fabricated by dispersing inorganic TE powders inside polyvinylidene fluoride elastomer using a drop-casting technique. The polyvinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene, which was chosen due to its excellent chemical resistance, mechanical stability, and biocompatibility, was electrospun onto an aluminum foil to fabricate the ultra-flexible PE membranes. To create a hybrid energy harvester that can simultaneously convert heat and mechanical energy resources into electricity, the TE composite films attached to the PE membrane were encapsulated with protective polydimethylsiloxane. The fabricated energy harvester converted the outputs with a maximum voltage of 4 V (PE performance) and current signals of 0.2 μA (TE performance) under periodical heat input and mechanical bending in hybrid modes. This study demonstrates the potential of the hybrid energy harvester for powering flexible and wearable electronics, offering a sustainable and reliable power source.

1. Introduction
2. Experimental Section
    2. 실험방법
        2.1 Bi2Te3 기반의 열전 복합 필름 제조
        2.2 전기방사 공정을 이용한 압전 멤브레인 제조
        2.3 열전-압전 기반의 하이브리드 에너지 하베스터 제작
        2.4 소재 분석 및 특성 평가
        2.5 열전 발전 성능 평가
        2.6 압전 발전 성능 평가
        2.7 개발 소자의 하이브리드 에너지 하베스팅 성능 평가
3. Results and Discussion
    3.1 제조된 열전 복합체 필름과 압전 멤브레인
    3.2 열전 복합 필름의 열전 특성
    3.3 하이브리드 에너지 하베스터의 단일 발전 성능 평가 결과
    3.4 하이브리드 모드에서 에너지 하베스터의 발전 성능 평가
4. Conclusion
Funding
Conflict of Interest
Data Availability Statement
Author Information and Contribution
Acknowledgments
References

• 전효민(경북대학교 금속재료공학과, 경북대학교 미래 모빌리티용 시스템반도체 혁신인재 교육연구단) | Hyomin Jeon (Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea, Innovative Semiconductor Education and Research Center for Future Mobility, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea)
• 김철민(경북대학교 금속재료공학과, 경북대학교 미래 모빌리티용 시스템반도체 혁신인재 교육연구단) | Cheol Min Kim (Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea, Innovative Semiconductor Education and Research Center for Future Mobility, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea)
• 박현준(경북대학교 금속재료공학과, 경북대학교 미래 모빌리티용 시스템반도체 혁신인재 교육연구단) | Hyeon Jun Park (Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea, Innovative Semiconductor Education and Research Center for Future Mobility, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea)
• 배빛나(경북대학교 금속재료공학과, 경북대학교 미래 모빌리티용 시스템반도체 혁신인재 교육연구단) | Bitna Bae (Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea, Innovative Semiconductor Education and Research Center for Future Mobility, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea)
• 최혜정(경북대학교 금속재료공학과, 경북대학교 미래 모빌리티용 시스템반도체 혁신인재 교육연구단) | Hyejeong Choi (Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea, Innovative Semiconductor Education and Research Center for Future Mobility, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea)
• 장학수(경북대학교 금속재료공학과, 경북대학교 미래 모빌리티용 시스템반도체 혁신인재 교육연구단) | HakSu Jang (Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea, Innovative Semiconductor Education and Research Center for Future Mobility, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea)
• 박귀일(경북대학교 금속재료공학과, 경북대학교 미래 모빌리티용 시스템반도체 혁신인재 교육연구단, 경북대학교 자동차부품소재연구소) | Kwi-Il Park (Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea, Innovative Semiconductor Education and Research Center for Future Mobility, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea, Research Institute of Automotive Parts and Materials, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea) Corresponding author